AI Translation based on Nissaya

Now, in the 'Decision on Accusation, etc.', who is allowed to make an accusation, and who is not allowed?

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Apart from the discussion on the decision of weighty requisites, regarding the person who is allowed and not allowed to make an accusation. ; codanādīvinicchayoti tthe=in the Decision on Accusation, etc.. ; codetuṃ=to accuse. ; ko=which monk. ; labhati=is allowed? ; ko=Which one. ; nalabhati=is not allowed? ; iti=This is the question. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

No one is allowed to make an accusation based on the words of a weak accuser.

AI Translation Nissaya

koci=No monk whatsoever. ; tāva=first of all, regarding the monk who is allowed to accuse. ; dubbalacodakavacanaṃ=the words of a weak accuser. ; gahetvā=having taken up. ; codetuṃ=to accuse. (follow). ; nalabhati=is not allowed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A 'weak accuser' is as follows: when many are seated in conversation, one monk, referring to another but without specifying him, speaks of a matter for a pārājika offence. Another monk, having heard this, goes and informs the monk who was the subject. That monk then approaches the first monk and says, "Is it true you are saying this and that about me?" The one who spoke replies, "I don't know of any such thing, but in the course of conversation I did say something without specifying anyone.

AI Translation Nissaya

dubbalacodako nāma=A 'weak accuser' is. ; kathāsallāpe=in conversation. ; nisinnesu=while seated. ; sambahulesu=among many monks. ; eko=one monk. ; ekaṃ=another monk. ; ārabbha=concerning. ; anodissakaṃ=not specifying. ; katvā=having made it. ; pārājikavatthuṃ=a matter for a pārājika offence. ; katheti=he speaks of. ; añño=another monk, other than the one who spoke. ; taṃ=that speech spoken by the one monk. ; sutvā=having heard. ; itarassa=to the other monk who was the subject of the talk. ; gantvā=having gone. ; āroceti=he should inform. ; so=that monk who heard. ; taṃ=to that monk who spoke. ; upasaṅkamitvā=having approached. ; tvaṃ=you. ; maṃ=me. ; idañgīdañca=this and that. ; vadasi=do you say? ; iti=thus. ; bhaṇati kirasatataso=that monk who spoke says. ; ahaṃ=I. ; evarupaṃ=a pārājika offence of this sort. ; najānādhi=do not know. ; pana=But as to how I came to speak without knowing. ; kathāpavattiyaṃ=when the conversation arose. ; mayā=by me. ; anodissakaṃ=without specifying. ; katvā=having made it. ; vuttaṃ=it was said. ; atthi=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If I had known this would cause you suffering, I would not have said even that much."

AI Translation Nissaya

ahaṃ=I. ; tā=your. ; imaṃ dukkhappattiṃ=this arising of suffering. ; sace jāneyyaṃ=if I had known. ; ettakampi=even this much speech. ; nakatheyyaṃ=I would not have said. ; iti=thus. ; katheti=he says. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is a 'weak accuser'.

AI Translation Nissaya

ayaṃ=This monk who says, "I don't know of any such thing," etc.. ; dubbalacodako=is called a weak accuser. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

No one is allowed to accuse that monk based on the conversation of this weak accuser. However, not based on these words, a virtuous monk is allowed to accuse a monk or a nun, and a virtuous nun is allowed to accuse only another nun. Thus said the Elder Mahāpaduma.

AI Translation Nissaya

koci=No monk whatsoever. ; tassa=of that weak accuser. ; etaṃ kathāsallapaṃ=this conversation. ; gahetvā=having taken up. ; taṃbhikkhuṃ=that monk spoken of by the weak accuser. ; codetuṃ=to accuse. ; nalabhati=is not allowed. ; pana=But another monk, apart from one not allowed to accuse. ; ekaṃ=these words of the weak accuser. ; aggahetvā=not based on. ; sīlasampanno=virtuous. ; bhikkhu=a monk. ; bhikkhuṃvā=a monk or. ; bhikkhuniṃvā=a nun or. ; codetuṃ=to accuse. ; labhati=is allowed. ; sīlasampannā=virtuous. ; bhikkhunīca=a nun also. ; bhikkhunīmeva=a nun only. ; codetuṃ=to accuse. ; labhati=is allowed. ; iti=Thus. ; mahāpadumatthero=the Elder Mahāpaduma. ; āha=said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Elder Mahāsuma, however, said, "All five classes of co-religionists are allowed to accuse."

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=There is another Elder who spoke on this matter. ; mahāsumatthero=The Elder Mahāsuma. ; pañcavi=all five. ; sahadhammikā=co-religionists. ; codetuṃ=to accuse. ; (This word is implied). ; labhanti=are allowed. ; iti=Thus. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Elder Godatta, saying, "There is no one who is not allowed," cited this text: "Having heard from a monk, one accuses; having heard from a nun... and so on... having heard from disciples of other sects, one accuses."

AI Translation Nissaya

godatthatthero=The Elder Godatta. ; koci=anyone. ; codetuṃ=to accuse. ; (implied). ; nalabhati=is not allowed. ; na=is not. ; labhatieva=is indeed allowed. ; iti=thus. ; vatvā=having said. ; "bhikkhassasutvā codeti.pa. titthiyasāvakānaṃ sutvā codetī"ti=that which is. ; idaṃ suttaṃ=this text. ; āhari=he brought forth. ; bhikkhussa=of a monk. ; vacanaṃ=the words (add). ; sutvā=having heard. ; codeti=one may accuse. ; bhikkhuniyā=of a nun. ; vacanaṃ=the words. ; sutvā=having heard. ; codeti=one may accuse. ; .pa. titthiyasāvakānaṃ=of the disciples of other sects. ; vacanaṃ=the words. ; sutvā=having heard. ; codeti=one may accuse. ; (This is the meaning of the citation.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

According to the doctrines of all three Elders, the matter should be settled by the confession of the accused person.

AI Translation Nissaya

tiṇṇampi=all three. ; therānaṃ=of the Elders'. ; vāde=in the doctrines. ; cuditakasseva=of the accused person only. ; paṭiññāya=by the confession. ; kāretabbo=it should be done. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This thing called 'accusation' is of three kinds: accusation by sight, accusation by hearing, and accusation by suspicion.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Apart from the decision on who is allowed to accuse, the decision on accusing by sending a messenger, etc., is as follows. ; ayaṃ codanānā ma=this thing called accusation. ; diṭṭhacodanā=accusation by sight and. ; subhacodanā=accusation by hearing and. ; parisaṅkitaconā=accusation by suspicion and. ; iti=thus. ; tividhā=is of three kinds. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

There is another fourfold classification: accusation of failure in virtue, accusation of failure in conduct, accusation of failure in view, and accusation of failure in livelihood.

AI Translation Nissaya

aparā=Another kind of accusation, apart from the three kinds. ; sīlavipatticodanā=accusation of failure in virtue and. ; ācāravipatticodanā=accusation of failure in conduct and. ; diṭṭhivipatticodanā=accusation of failure in view and. ; ājīvavapatticodanā=accusation of failure in livelihood and. ; iti=thus. ; catubbidhāpi=is also of four kinds. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Among these, accusation of failure in virtue should be understood by way of the two serious groups of offenses (Pārājika and Saṅghādisesa). Accusation of failure in conduct should be understood by way of the remaining five groups of offenses. Accusation of failure in view should be understood by way of wrong view and extremist views. Accusation of failure in livelihood should be understood by way of the six training rules laid down concerning livelihood.

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=Among those four classifications of accusation, beginning with failure in virtue. ; garukānaṃ=serious. ; dvinnaṃ=two. ; āpattikkhandhānaṃ=of the groups of offences, Pārājika and Saṅghādisesa. ; vasena=by way of. ; siīlavipatticodanā=accusation of failure in virtue. ; veditabbā=should be understood. ; avasesānaṃ=remaining from the two groups of offences. ; āpattikkhandhānaṃ=the five groups of offences, also (implied). ; vasena=by way of. ; ācāravipatticodanā=accusation of failure in conduct. ; veditabbā=should be understood. ; micchādiṭṭhiantaggāhikadiṭṭhivasena=by way of wrong view and extremist views. ; diṭṭhivipatticodanā=accusation of failure in view. ; veditabbā=should be understood. ; ājīvahetu=because of the reason of livelihood. ; paññattānaṃ=laid down. ; channaṃ=six. ; sikkhāpadānaṃ=of the training rules. ; vasena=by way of. ; ājīvavipatticodanā=accusation of failure in livelihood. ; veditabbā=should be understood. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

There is also another fourfold classification: indicating the grounds, indicating the offense, rejecting communion, and rejecting respectful conduct.

AI Translation Nissaya

aparāpi=Also, apart from the fourfold classification of accusation. ; vatthusandassanā=having the showing of the offense-object. ; codanā dhammo=the nature of accusation, and. ; (The word 'codanā' is implied in the following as well). ; āpattisandassanā=having the showing of the offense. ; codanādhammo=and. ; saṃvāsapaṭikkhepo=having the rejection of communion and refusing to act. ; codanādhammo=and. ; iti=thus. ; catubbidhā=is of four kinds. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therein, 'indicating the grounds' is an accusation that proceeds thus: “You engaged in sexual intercourse; you took what was not given; you killed a human being; you falsely claimed a superhuman state.”

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=Among those four classifications beginning with indicating the grounds. ; vatthusandassanā=having the showing of the offense-object. ; codanādhammo nāma=the nature of accusation is. ; tvaṃ=you. ; mesunaṃ dhammaṃ=sexual intercourse. ; paṭisedi=have engaged in. ; adinnaṃ=what was not given. ; ādiyi=have taken. ; manussaṃ=a human being. ; ghātayittha=have killed. ; abhūtaṃ=a superhuman state that you do not possess. ; ārocayittha=have declared. ; iti evaṃ=thus. ; pavattā=is an accusation that occurs. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Indicating the offense' is an accusation that proceeds in a way such as this: “You have committed the Pārājika offense related to sexual intercourse.”

AI Translation Nissaya

āpattisandassanā=having the showing of the offense. ; codanādhammo nāma=the nature of accusation is. ; tvaṃ=you. ; methunadhammapārājikāpattiṃ=the Pārājika offense of sexual intercourse. ; āpanno=have committed. ; iti evamādinayappavattā=an accusation that proceeds in this and similar ways. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Rejecting communion' is an accusation that proceeds thus: “With you there is no Uposatha, no Pavāraṇā, no act of the Sangha.”

AI Translation Nissaya

saṃvāsapaṭikkhepo=having the rejection of communion. ; codanā dhammo nāma=the nature of accusation is. ; "tayā=with you. ; saddhi=together. ; uposatho vā=the Uposatha ceremony or. ; pavāraṇāvā=the Pavāraṇā ceremony or. ; saṅghakammaṃvā=an act of the Sangha or. ; natthi=there is not". ; iti evaṃ=thus. ; pavatto=is an accusation that occurs. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Rejecting respectful conduct' is the non-performance of acts such as paying homage, rising from one's seat, making the gesture of clasped hands, fanning, and so on.

AI Translation Nissaya

sāmicīpaṭikkhepo=having the rejection of respectful conduct. ; codanādhammo nāma=the nature of accusation is. ; abhivādana=paying homage. ; paccuṭṭhāna=rising from one's seat to greet. ; añjalīkamma=making the gesture of clasped hands. ; bījanādikammānaṃ=acts such as fanning. ; akaraṇaṃ=the non-performance of. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This should be understood as occurring when a monk, while paying respects in sequence, does so to the others but not to one particular monk.

AI Translation Nissaya

taṃ=That rejection of respectful conduct. ; paṭipāṭiyā=in sequence. ; vandanādīni=paying homage and so on. ; karonto=a monk who is performing. ; ekassa=to one monk. ; akatvā=not having done. ; sesānaṃ=to the remaining monks. ; karaṇakāle=at the time of performing. ; veditabbaṃ=should be understood. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Even by this much, it constitutes an accusation.

AI Translation Nissaya

ettāvatāpi=Even by merely not performing acts such as paying homage. ; codanā nāma=it is called an accusation. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, with regard to gruel, rice, and so on, if one asks whichever monk one wishes, that does not constitute an accusation.

AI Translation Nissaya

yāgubhattādinā pana=But with regard to gruel, rice, etc.. ; yaṃ=which monk. ; āpucchati=one may ask. ; tāvatā=by merely asking the desired monk and not oneself. ; codanā=an accusation. ; nahoti=does not occur. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Furthermore, in the chapter on the suspension of the Pātimokkha, starting with the words, “Monks, one suspension of the Pātimokkha is unrighteous, one is righteous,” up to the ten unrighteous and ten righteous suspensions, in this way fifty-five unrighteous and fifty-five righteous accusations are mentioned, totaling one hundred and ten accusations.

AI Translation Nissaya

aparā=Other kinds, apart from what has been said. ; pātamokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhake=in the chapter on the suspension of the Pātimokkha. ; "ekaṃ bhikkhave adhammikaṃ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṃ ekaṃ dhammika"nti=the statement, "Monks, one suspension of the Pātimokkha is unrighteous, one is righteous". ; ādiṃ katāā=taking as the beginning. ; yāva=up to. ; dasa adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni dasadhammikānīti=the statement that there are ten unrighteous suspensions of the Pātimokkha and ten righteous ones. ; atthi=there is. ; tāva=up to that point. ; evaṃ=Thus, by this statement beginning with "unrighteous suspension of the Pātimokkha". ; adhammikā=unrighteous accusations are. ; pañcapaññāsa=fifty-five. ; dhammikā=righteous accusations are. ; pañcapaññāsa=fifty-five. ; iti=with this distinction. ; dasuttarasataṃ codanā=one hundred and ten accusations. ; vuttā=are spoken of. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Those are one hundred and ten accusations for one who accuses by what is seen, one hundred and ten for one who accuses by what is heard, and one hundred and ten for one who accuses by what is suspected; thus there are three hundred and thirty.

AI Translation Nissaya

tā=Those one hundred and ten accusations. ; diṭṭhena=by what is seen. ; codentassa=for the monk (accusing). ; dasuttarasataṃ codanā=one hundred and ten accusations, and. ; (The word 'accusation' is carried over from the previous, and similarly for the following). ; sutena=by what is heard. ; codentassa=for the one (accusing). ; dasuttarasataṃ codanā=and also one hundred and ten accusations,. ; parisaṅkāya=by what is suspected. ; codentassa=for the one (accusing). ; dasuttarasataṃ codanā=and also one hundred and ten accusations,. ; iti=thus, by this division. ; tiṃ sādhikāni tīṇī satāni=three hundred with an excess of thirty. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When those are multiplied by three for one who accuses by body, by speech, and by body and speech, they become nine hundred and ninety.

AI Translation Nissaya

kāyena=by body. ; codentassa=for the one accusing, and also. ; vācāya=by speech. ; codentassa=for the one accusing, and also. ; kayevācāya=by body and speech. ; codentassa=for the one accusing, and also. ; iti=thus, by this division. ; tiguṇāni=being multiplied by three. ; katāni=when made. ; navutāmikāni nava satāni=nine hundred with an excess of ninety. ; honti=there are. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Those are just as many for one who accuses by oneself as for one who causes another to accuse; thus there are two thousand less twenty (i.e., 1980).

AI Translation Nissaya

tāni=Those nine hundred and ninety. ; attanā=by oneself. ; codentassapi=also for the one accusing. ; tatthakāneva=just that many, that is, nine hundred and ninety, and also. ; parena=by another. ; codāpentassapi=also for the monk who causes to accuse. ; tatthakāneva=just that many, that is, nine hundred and ninety, and also. ; honti=there are. ; iti=thus, by this division. ; vīsatiūnāni=less by twenty. ; dvesahassāni=two thousand. ; honti=there are. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Again, it should be known that in the categories of what is seen and so on, there are many thousands of accusations by way of them being with or without a basis.

AI Translation Nissaya

puna=Again. ; diṭṭhādibhede=in the categories of seen, etc. ; samūlikāmūlikavasena=by way of having a basis and not having a basis. ; anekasahassā=many thousands of accusations. ; honti=there are. ; iti=thus. ; veditabbā=should be known. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

231. Furthermore, among these various kinds of accusations mentioned, when a matter is brought forward in the midst of the Saṅgha by means of any one accusation, the accused and the accuser should be asked, 'Will you be satisfied with our decision?'

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Furthermore. ; vuttappabhedāsu=in the various kinds that have been mentioned. ; imāsu codanāsu=among these accusations. ; yāya kayeci=by whichever random one. ; codanaye=of the accusation. ; vasena=by means of. ; saṅghamajjhe=in the midst of the Saṅgha. ; vatthusmiṃ=when the matter. ; osaṭe=is brought forward. ; cuditakacodakā=the accused and the accuser. ; tumhe=you (pl.). ; amhākaṃ=our. ; vinicchayena=by the decision. ; tuṭṭhā=satisfied. ; savissatha=will you be?. ; iti=thus. ; vattabbā=should be said. ; tuṭṭhā=pleased. ; (Follows). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they say, 'We will be,' that legal case should be accepted by the Saṅgha.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhavissāma=We will be. ; iti=thus. ; sacevunti=if they say. ; saṅghena=by the Saṅgha. ; taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ=that legal case. ; sampaṭicchitabbaṃ=should be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if they say, 'Venerable sirs, please decide first; if it is agreeable to us, we will accept it,' then after saying things like, 'First, go and pay homage to the stupa,' they should be dismissed by employing a delaying tactic.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=But, if they do not say 'We will be satisfied,' but say something else, the decision is as follows. ; "bhante=Venerable sirs. ; tāva vinicchinatha=first, please decide. ; amhākaṃ=for us. ; sace khamissati=if it is agreeable. ; gaṇhissāma=we will accept it. ; iti=thus. ; athavadanti=if they say. ; tāva=first, before making a long discourse. ; cetiyaṃ=the stupa. ; gandhatha=pay homage to. ; itiādīni=words such as this. ; vatvā=having said. ; dīghasuttaṃ=a long thread (delaying tactic). ; katvā=having made. ; vissajjitabbaṃ=they should be dismissed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If, having become weary for a long time, with their assembly departed and their support cut off, they ask again, then after refusing them up to the third time, when they are free from conceit, their legal case should be decided.

AI Translation Nissaya

te=Those accused and accusers. ; cirarattaṃ=for a long time, day and night. ; kilantā=being weary. ; hutvā=having become, and also. ; pakkantaparisā=their assembly having departed. ; hutvā=having become, and also. ; upacchinnapakkhā=their noble support having been cut off. ; hutvā=having become, and also. ; puna=again. ; ceyācanti=if they ask. ; yāva=up to. ; tatiyaṃ=the third time. ; atthi=there is. ; tāva=that much. ; paṭikkhipitvā=having refused. ; yadā=when. ; nimmadā=they are free from conceit. ; honti=they are. ; tadā=at that time when they are free from conceit. ; nesaṃ=of those accused and accusers. ; adhikaraṇaṃ=the legal case. ; vinicchinitabbaṃ=should be decided. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And by those who are deciding, if the assembly is full of shameless monks, that legal case should be decided by referring it to a committee.

AI Translation Nissaya

ca=And, as for the method of deciding. ; vinicchinantehi=by the monks who are deciding. ; parisā=the assembly. ; alajjussannā=is full of shameless ones. ; sace hoti=if it is. ; ubbāhikāya=by the method of voting by ticket (referral to a committee). ; taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ=that legal case. ; vinicchinitabbaṃ=should be decided. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If the assembly is full of foolish monks, then, having said, 'Search for Vinaya experts of your own group,' and having caused them to be searched for, that legal case should be settled in the way it is settled by the Dhamma, by the Vinaya, and by the Teacher's instruction.

AI Translation Nissaya

parisā=the assembly. ; bālussannā=is full of only foolish ones. ; sace hoti=if it is. ; tumhe=You (pl.) (add). ; tumhākaṃ=your. ; sabhāge=of the same group. ; vinayadhare=the experts in Vinaya. ; pariyesatha=should search for. ; iti=having said this. ; vinayadhare=the experts in Vinaya. ; pariyesāpetvā=having caused to be searched for. ; yena dhammena=by which true Dhamma (matter). ; yena vinayena=by which true Vinaya of accusation and reminding. ; yena satthusāsanena=by which formal act and motion. ; taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ=that legal case. ; vūpasammati=is settled. ; tathā=in that way, which is the nature of the Dhamma, Vinaya, and teaching of the Master that settles the legal case. ; vā=or. ; tathā=in that way, by the Dhamma, Vinaya, and teaching of the Master that settles the legal case. ; taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ=that legal case. ; vūpasametabbaṃ=should be caused to be settled. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And therein, 'Dhamma' is the actual matter.

AI Translation Nissaya

ca=And as for the nature of the Dhamma, Vinaya, and the Teacher's instruction which are the cause of settling a legal case. ; tattha=among those—the Dhamma, Vinaya, and the Teacher's instruction which are the cause of settling a legal case. ; dhammoti='Dhamma' is. ; bhūtaṃ=that which has actually occurred in the accused person. ; vā=or, true. ; vatthu=the matter. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Vinaya' is both the accusation and the reminding.

AI Translation Nissaya

vinayoti='Vinaya' is. ; codanā co=the accusation, and. ; sāraṇā ca=the reminding, and. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'The Teacher's instruction' is the completeness of the motion and the completeness of the proclamation.

AI Translation Nissaya

satthusāsananti='The Teacher's instruction' is. ; ñattisampadāca=the completeness of the motion, and. ; anussāvanasampadāca=the completeness of the proclamation, and. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, when the accuser has stated the matter, the accused should be asked, 'Is this so, or not?'

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmā=Therefore, because Dhamma is the actual matter, etc. ; codakena=by the accuser. ; vatthusmiṃ=the matter. ; ārocite=when it has been stated. ; cuditako=the accused. ; etaṃ=this matter stated by the accuser. ; santaṃ=is it present in oneself?. ; nosantaṃ=or is it not present?. ; iti=thus. ; pucchitabbo=should be asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, having investigated the matter, having accused with the actual facts, having reminded, and with the completeness of the motion and proclamation, that legal case should be settled.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=In this way, when the accuser has stated the matter, having asked the accused 'Is this so, or not?'. ; vatthuṃ=the matter stated by the accuser. ; upaparikkhitvā=having investigated whether it is applicable or not applicable to the accused. ; bhūtena=by the actual. ; vā=or true matter. ; codetvā ca=having caused the accuser to accuse, and. ; sāretvāca=having reminded the accused 'Is this so, or not?', and. ; ñattisampadāyaca=by the completeness of the motion, and. ; anussāvanasampadāyaca=by the completeness of the proclamation, and. ; taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ=that legal case. ; vūpasametabbaṃ=should be settled. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In that case, if a shameless monk accuses a conscientious one, and that shameless monk is foolish and unskilful, the formal procedure should not be given to him. Instead, he should just be told, 'On what grounds do you accuse him?'

AI Translation Nissaya

tatra=Among those accusers and accused. ; asajjī=if a shameless monk. ; lajjiṃ=a conscientious monk. ; ce codeti=accuses. ; soca asajjī=and that shameless monk who is accusing the conscientious monk. ; bālo=is ignorant of the Vinaya. ; abyatto=is unskilful. ; hoti=if he is. ; assa=to that foolish, unskilful, shameless monk who is accusing the conscientious monk. ; nayo=the procedure beginning with 'Is it a corruption of virtue...'. ; na dātabbo=should not be given. ; pana=as for the words that should be said. ; "kimhi naṃ codesī" ti=the phrase 'On what grounds do you accuse him?'. ; evaṃ=only this much. ; vattabbo=should be said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Certainly he will say, 'Venerable Sir, what is this, "On what grounds do you accuse him?"'

AI Translation Nissaya

addhā=Certainly. ; so=that foolish, unskilful, shameless monk who accuses a conscientious monk. ; bhante=Venerable Sir. ; idaṃ kimhi naṃ nāma=this 'On what grounds do you accuse him?'. ; kiṃ=what is it?. ; iti=thus. ; kkheti=he will say. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

He should be dismissed, saying, 'You don't even know what "On what grounds do you accuse him?" means. It is not proper for a fool like you to accuse another.' No further inquiry should be granted to him.

AI Translation Nissaya

tvaṃ=You. ; kimhi nampi=even 'On what grounds do you accuse him?'. ; na jānāsi=do not know. ; mavarupena=being of such a nature, not even knowing 'On what grounds...'. ; bālena=being a fool. ; tayā=by you. ; paraṃ=another. ; codetuṃ=to accuse. ; nayuttaṃ=is not proper. ; iti=having said this. ; uyyojetabbo=he should be dismissed. ; assa=to that foolish, unskilful, shameless monk who is accusing the conscientious monk. ; anuyogo=the investigation following the accusation. ; nadātabbo=should not be given. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if that shameless monk is learned and skilled, and is able to substantiate the case by overwhelming with what was seen or heard, an inquiry should be granted to him, and the formal act should be carried out based on the conscientious monk's confession.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=As for the procedure to be followed in the case of a shameless monk who is learned and skilled accusing a conscientious monk, apart from the procedure for one who is foolish and unskilful. ; so alajjī=if that shameless monk who accuses the conscientious monk. ; paṇḍito=is learned in the Vinaya. ; byatto=is skilled in the Vinaya. ; sace hoti=and if he is. ; diṭṭhena vā=by what is seen, or. ; sutena vā=by what is heard. ; ajjhottaritvā=overwhelming and pressing. ; sammādetuṃ=to bring to completion. ; sace sakkoti=if he is able. ; tessa=to that shameless monk who is learned and skilled and accuses a conscientious monk. ; anuyogaṃ=the investigation corresponding to the accusation. ; vatvā=having given. ; lajjīsseva=of only the accused conscientious monk. ; paṭiññāya=by the confession. ; kammaṃ=the act of decision. ; kātabbaṃ=should be done. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If a conscientious monk accuses a shameless one, and that conscientious monk is foolish and unskilful and is not able to conduct the inquiry, the procedure should be given to him, asking, 'On what grounds do you accuse him? On account of a corruption of virtue, or of conduct, or one of the others?'

AI Translation Nissaya

lajjī=if a conscientious monk. ; alajjiṃ=a shameless monk. ; sace codeti=accuses. ; so ca lajjī=and that conscientious monk who accuses the shameless monk. ; bālo=is a fool. ; abyatto=is unskilful. ; sace hoti=and if he is. ; anuyogaṃ=the investigation corresponding to the accusation. ; dātuṃ=to give. ; sace na sakkoti=if he is not able. ; tassa=to that foolish, unskilful, conscientious monk who accuses the shameless monk. ; "kimhi=In what matter. ; naṃ=that monk. ; codesi=do you accuse?. ; sīlavipattiyā vā=In a corruption of virtue, or. ; naṃ=that monk. ; codesiso=do you accuse him in a corruption of conduct or others?. ; ekissā=in one of the corruptions. ; naṃ=him. ; codesi=do you accuse?. ; iti=thus. ; nayo=the procedure. ; dātabbo=should be given. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But why should this procedure be given to this one only, and not to the other? Surely it is not right for experts in the Vinaya to go on a wrong course (be biased)?

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=As for the reason why the procedure beginning with 'corruption of virtue' is given only to the conscientious accuser monk and not to the foolish, unskilful, shameless accuser monk. ; kasmā=Why. ; imasseva=only to this conscientious monk who is foolish and unskilful and accuses a shameless monk. ; evaṃ nayo=is this procedure starting with 'corruption of virtue'?. ; dātabbo=to be given?. ; itarassa=to the other one. ; nadātabbo=is it not to be given?. ; iti ce=if it is asked. ; vinayārānaṃ=for the experts in Vinaya. ; agatigamanaṃ=going on a wrong course (being biased). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It is indeed not proper.

AI Translation Nissaya

nayuttaṃnanu=Is it not improper?. ; iti=If asked thus. ; vinaya dharānaṃ=for the experts in Vinaya. ; agati gamanaṃ=going on a wrong course. ; (repeat the two phrases). ; na yutta meva=It is indeed not proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, this is not going on a wrong course; this is called a support of the Dhamma.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=The reason for giving the procedure starting with 'corruption of virtue', even though it is improper for Vinaya experts to go on a wrong course, is as follows. ; idaṃ=This giving of the procedure beginning with 'corruption of virtue' to the conscientious monk who is foolish and unskilful and accuses a shameless monk. ; agati gamanaṃ=is not going on a wrong course. ; nahoti=It is not. ; eso=This giving of the procedure beginning with 'corruption of virtue'. ; dhammānuggaho nāma=is called a support of the Dhamma. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For the training rule was laid down for the sake of restraining the shameless and for encouraging the conscientious.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason why the statement 'this is called a support of the Dhamma' is appropriate is. ; alajjiniggahatthāya ca=for the sake of restraining the shameless, and. ; lajjipaggahatthāya ca=for the sake of encouraging the conscientious. ; sikkhāpadaṃ=the training rule. ; bhagavatā=by the Blessed One. ; paññattaṃ=was laid down. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therein, a shameless monk, upon receiving the procedure, will come forward aggressively; but a conscientious monk, upon receiving the procedure, will speak established in the sequence of what was seen and the sequence of what was heard. Therefore, it is proper to give support of the Dhamma to him.

AI Translation Nissaya

tatra=Among those two, the conscientious and the shameless. ; alajjī=the shameless monk. ; nayaṃ=the procedure. ; labhitvā=having received. ; ajjhottaranto=overwhelming and pressing. ; ehiti=will come. ; pana=however. ; lajjī=the conscientious monk. ; nayaṃ=the procedure. ; labhitvā=having received. ; diṭṭhe=in what is seen. ; diṭṭhasantānena=by the sequence of what is seen. ; sute=in what is heard. ; subhasantānena=by the sequence of what is heard. ; patiṭṭhāya=being established. ; kathessata=will speak. ; tasmā=Therefore, because the training rule was laid down to restrain the shameless and encourage the conscientious, and because among these two, the shameless one, having received the procedure, will come overwhelming and pressing, while the conscientious one, though receiving the procedure, will speak established only in the sequence of what was seen, etc. ; tassa=for that conscientious monk who is foolish and unskilful and accuses a shameless monk. ; dhammānuggaho=support of the Dhamma. ; vaṭṭati=is proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if that conscientious monk is learned and skilled and speaks with firm grounding, and the shameless monk does not confess, saying, 'This is not so, that is not so,' the decision should be made only with the confession of the shameless monk.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Regarding the decision in the case of a conscientious monk who is learned and skilled and accuses a shameless monk, apart from the decision in the case of one who is foolish and unskilful. ; solajji=if that conscientious monk. ; paṇḍito=is learned. ; byatto=is skilled. ; sace hoti=and if he is. ; diṭṭhe=in what is seen. ; diṭṭha santānena=with the sequence of what is seen. ; sute=in what is heard. ; sutasantānena=with the sequence of what is heard. ; (Follows from 'in what is seen', etc.). ; patiṭṭhāya=being established again and again. ; sace katheti=if he speaks. ; asajjīca=and if the shameless monk. ; "etampi=this matter also. ; 'natthi=is not. ; etampi=this also. ; natthi=is not. ; iti=thus. ; paṭiññaṃ=the confession. ; sace nadeti=if he does not give. ; အလဇ္ဇီဿ+ ၑ။; paṭiññāya eva=only by the confession. ; kātabbaṃ=it should be decided. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And to clarify this point, this story should be known: Reportedly, the Elder Tipiṭaka Cūlābhaya, after teaching the Vinaya to the monks below the Lohapāsāda, was rising in the evening. At the time of his rising, two monks who were adversaries started a discussion.

AI Translation Nissaya

ca=And, here is the story about when a Vinaya expert should not make a decision if the accused shameless monk does not give a confession. ; tadatthadipanattaṃ=for the purpose of clarifying the meaning that if an accused shameless monk does not confess, the case should be decided only by the confession of the accused shameless monk. ; idaṃ vatthu=this story. ; veditabbā=should be known. ; kira=reportedly (in detail). ; tiviṭakacūḷābhayatthero=The Elder Cūlābhaya, master of the Tipiṭaka. ; lohapāsādassa=of the Lohapāsāda (Brazen Palace). ; heṭṭhā=below. ; bhikkhūnaṃ=to the monks. ; vinaya=the Vinaya. ; kathetvā=having taught. ; sāsanhasamaye=in the evening. ; vuṭṭhāti=he rises. ; tassa=of that Elder Tipiṭaka Cūlābhaya. ; vuṭṭhānasamaye=at the time of his rising. ; dve=two. ; attapaccattikā=monks who were opponents due to a dispute. ; kathaṃ=a discussion. ; pavatthetuṃ=started. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

One did not confess, saying, 'This is not so, that is not so.' Then, when little remained of the first watch of the night, the view arose in the Elder regarding that person: 'This one speaks with firm conviction, but that one does not confess. Many matters have been brought forward; certainly this deed must have been done.' Thus the view arose that he was impure.

AI Translation Nissaya

eko=One monk. ; "etasmiṃ=this matter also. ; natthi=is not. ; etampi=this also. ; natthi=is not. ; "iti=thus. ; paṭiññaṃ=the confession. ; na deti=did not give. ; atha=Then. ; paṭhamayāme=the first watch of the night. ; appāvasese=when little remained. ; therassa=for the Elder Tipiṭaka Cūlābhaya. ; tasmiṃ puggale=regarding that accused person. ; ayaṃ=this accused monk. ; patiṭṭhāya=being firmly established again and again. ; katheti=speaks. ; pana=but even though he speaks thus. ; ayaṃ=this accused monk. ; paṭiññaṃ=the confession. ; nadeti=does not give. ; bahūni=many. ; vatthūnica=matters also. ; osaṭāni=have been brought forward. ; addhā=Certainly. ; etaṃ kammaṃ=this deed. ; kataṃ=was done. ; bhavissati=it must be. ; iti=thus. ; tasmiṃ puggale=regarding that accused person. ; asuddhaladdhi=the view that he was impure. ; uppannā=arose. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, giving a sign on the footstool with the handle of his fan, he said, 'Friends, I am not suitable to decide this. Please have it decided by another.'

AI Translation Nissaya

tato=After that. ; bījanīdaṇḍakena=with the handle of a fan. ; pādakathalikāya=on the footstool. ; saññaṃ=a sign. ; datvā=having given. ; āvuso=friends. ; ahaṃ=I. ; vinicchinituṃ=to decide. ; ananacchaviko=am not suitable. ; aññena=by another Vinaya master. ; vinicchināpehi=please have it decided. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Why, venerable sir?' they asked.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable Sir. ; kasmā=Why. ; ananucchaviko=are you not suitable?. ; iti=thus. ; vutte=when it was said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Elder explained the matter to them.

AI Translation Nissaya

thero=The Elder Tipiṭaka Cūlābhaya. ; tamutthaṃ=that matter, that the view had arisen in him that the accused person was impure. ; ārocesi=explained. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A burning sensation arose in the body of the accused person. Then he paid homage to the Elder and said, 'Venerable sir, one fit to be called an expert in the Vinaya suitable for judging should be just like you, and an accuser should be just like this one.' After saying this, he put on white clothes, asked for forgiveness, saying, 'You have been troubled by me for a long time,' and departed.

AI Translation Nissaya

cuditakapuggalassa=of the accused person. ; kāye=in the body. ; ḍāho=a burning sensation. ; uṭṭhibho=arose. ; tato=Because of that arising. ; so=that accused person. ; theraṃ=the Elder Tipiṭaka Cūlābhaya. ; vanditvā=having paid homage. ; bhante=Venerable Sir. ; vinicchinituṃ=to decide. ; anurūpena=a suitable. ; vinayadharenanāma=one called an expert in the Vinaya. ; tumhādiseneva=should only be a person like you, venerable sir. ; bhavituṃ=to be. ; vaṭṭati=it is proper. ; codakenaca=and an accuser. ; īdiseneva=should only be a monk like this one. ; bhavituṃ=to be. ; vaṭṭati=it is proper. ; iti=thus. ; vatvā=having said. ; setakāni=white clothes. ; nivāsetvā=having put on. ; mayā=by me. ; ciraṃ=for a long time. ; kilamitā=you have been troubled. ; attha=you are. ; iti=having said this. ; khamāpetvā=having asked for forgiveness. ; pakkāmi=he left. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, when a shameless monk is accused by a conscientious one, and even when many matters have arisen he does not confess, he should be called neither 'pure' nor 'impure'. He is called 'one who is dead while living,' and 'one who is rotten while raw.'

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=In the way that has been explained. ; lajjinā=by a conscientious monk. ; codiyamāno=being accused. ; alajjī=a shameless monk. ; bahūsu=many. ; tatthūsu=matters. ; uppannesupi=even when they have arisen. ; paṭiññaṃ=a confession. ; nadeti=does not give. ; so=that monk who, though accused by a conscientious monk, does not give a confession. ; suddhoti=as 'pure' from the offense. ; nevao=should not be called. ; "asuddho"ti=as 'impure' from the offense. ; nao=should not be called. ; ca=As for the manner of speaking if he is not called 'pure' or 'impure'. ; esa eso=this monk who, though accused by a conscientious monk, does not give a confession. ; jīvamatiko nāma=as 'one who is dead while living', and. ; āmakapūtiko nāma=as 'one who is rotten while green', and. ; vattabbo=should be called. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if another such matter arises concerning him, it should not be decided; he will be one who destroys it in the same way.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Further, there is another matter where a shameless monk accused by a conscientious monk should not be disciplined. ; assa=for that shameless monk accused by a conscientious monk. ; aññaṃ=another. ; tādisaṃ=of such a nature. ; vatthupi=matter also. ; sace uppajjati=if it arises. ; na vinicchinitabbaṃ=it should not be decided. ; tathā nāsibhako=just as he destroyed it by saying 'This is not, this is not'. ; bhavissati=it will be. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if a shameless monk accuses another shameless monk, he should be told, 'Friend, what can be said about this monk on your word?'

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Apart from the judgment when a shameless monk accuses a conscientious one, or a conscientious one accuses a shameless one, the judgment when a shameless one accuses a shameless one, or a conscientious one accuses a conscientious one, is as follows. ; alajjīyeva=a shameless monk himself. ; alajjiṃ=a shameless monk. ; sace codeti=if he accuses. ; so=that shameless monk who accuses the shameless monk. ; "āvuso=Friend. ; tava=your. ; vacanena=by the word. ; ayaṃ=this monk. ; vattuṃ=to say. ; kiṃ sakkā=what can be said?. ; iti=thus. ; vattabbo=should be said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Having spoken to the other in the same way, they should be dismissed, saying, 'Both of you live on, having communal use and enjoyment together.'

AI Translation Nissaya

itarampi=the accused shameless monk also. ; tatheva=in the same way. ; vatvā=having said. ; "Both of you, the accuser and the accused monk. ; ekasambhogaparibhogā=having communal use and enjoyment together. ; hutvā=having become. ; jīvatha=live on. ; iti=thus. ; vatvā=having said. ; uyyojetabbā=they should be dismissed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A decision should not be made for them for the sake of virtue, but for the sake of a bowl, robe, dwelling, and so on, it should be made after finding a suitable witness.

AI Translation Nissaya

sīlatthāya=For the sake of virtue. ; nesaṃ=for those shameless monks. ; vinicchayo=a decision. ; nakātabbo=should not be made. ; pana=As for when a decision should be made. ; pattacīre pariveṇādiatthāya=for the sake of a bowl, robe, dwelling, etc. ; patirūpaṃ=a suitable. ; sakkhiṃ=witness. ; labhitvā=having found. ; nesaṃ=for those shameless monks. ; vinicchayo=a decision. ; (repeat these two phrases). ; kātabbo=should be made. ; iti=it should be understood thus. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If a conscientious monk accuses another conscientious monk, and their dispute is just a minor one over some matter, after making them understand and telling them, 'Do not do so,' they should be made to confess their transgression and then be dismissed.

AI Translation Nissaya

lajjī=a conscientious monk. ; lajjiṃ=a conscientious monk. ; atha codeti=if he accuses. ; nesaṃ=for those conscientious monks who are the accuser and the accused. ; kismiñci=for some reason. ; appamattako eva=only a minor. ; vivādoca=dispute. ; hoti=if there is. ; saññāpetvā=having made them understand well. ; evaṃ=thus. ; mākarotha=do not do. ; iti=having said. ; accayaṃ=the transgression. ; desāpetvā=having made them confess. ; uyyojetabbā=they should be dismissed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But in this case, if the accused has committed a fault hastily, from the beginning he is not one to be called shameless.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=When it is not appropriate to give a decision even if both the accuser and the accused are conscientious monks. ; "ettha=among these conscientious accuser and accused. ; cuditakena=by the accused monk. ; sahasā=hastily. ; viraddhaṃ=it has been erred. ; atha hoti=if it is so. ; ādito=from the beginning. ; paṭṭhāya=starting from. ; alajjī nāma=one called shameless. ; natthi=there is not. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And if, for the sake of protecting his faction, he does not confess, and many rise up saying, 'We believe him, we believe him,' let him be declared pure once or twice on their testimony. But if, from the time of his error, he no longer stands in his proper position, a decision should not be given.

AI Translation Nissaya

soca=And if that accused who has erred. ; pakkhānerakkhaṇatthaya=for the sake of protecting his faction. ; paṭiññaṃ=a confession. ; athanadeti=does not give. ; "mayaṃ=We. ; saddahāma=believe. ; mayaṃ=we. ; saddahāma=believe. ; iti=saying. ; bahū=many. ; atha uṭṭhahanti=if they rise up. ; so=that accused monk who has erred. ; tesaṃ=of those many monks who rose up. ; paṭiññāya=by the testimony. ; ekavāraṃdvevāraṃ=once or twice. ; suddho=pure. ; hotu=let him be. ; atha pana=But even if it is so. ; viraddhakālato=from the time of the error. ; paṭṭhāya=onwards. ; ṭhāne=in the position of a conscientious person. ; na tiṭṭhati=he does not stand. ; vinicchayo=a decision. ; na dātabbo=should not be given. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

232. However, one who is deciding a case of taking what is not given should carefully note the twenty-five kinds of theft.

AI Translation Nissaya

addinnādānavatthuṃ=a case of taking what is not given. ; vinicchinantena pana=by one who is deciding, however. ; pañca vīsati avahārā=the twenty-five kinds of theft. ; tumhehi=by you. ; sādhukaṃ=well. ; saṃlakkhetabbā=should be noted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And in those cases, a skilled expert in the Vinaya should not decide a matter that has come up hastily, but should examine five points, with reference to which the ancient commentators have said:

AI Translation Nissaya

tesu=In those decisions. ; kusalena=a skilled. ; vinayadharena ca=expert in the Vinaya also. ; obhiṇṇaṃ=when it has come up. ; vatthuṃ=a matter. ; sahasā=hastily. ; apinicchinitvāva=without deciding. ; pañcaṭhānāni=the five points. ; oleketabbāni=should be examined. ; yāni pañcaṭhānāni=which five points. ; sandhāya=with reference to. ; porāṇā=the ancient commentators. ; vatthuṃ.pa. vicakkhaṇo" ti=saying "vatthuṃ...vicakkhaṇo". ; āhukathenti=have said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'The article, the time, and the place, the value, with its use as the fifth;

AI Translation Nissaya

paribhogapañcamaṃ=with use as the fifth. ; vatthuñca=the stolen article, and. ; kālañca=the time of stealing, and. ; desañca=the place of stealing, and. ; agghañca=the value of the stolen article, and. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

a discerning one, having weighed these five points, should determine the matter.'

AI Translation Nissaya

imāni pañcaṭhānāni=these five points. ; tulayitvā=having weighed with the scale of wisdom. ; picakkhaṇo=a discerning Vinaya expert. ; atthaṃ=the meaning. ; dhāreyya=should understand. ; vā=or should bear in mind. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therein, 'article' means the goods.

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=Among those five. ; vatthunti='vatthu' (article) is. ; bhaṇḍaṃ=the stolen goods. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For even when the thief says, 'I stole such-and-such an item,' without immediately imposing the offense, that item should be investigated as to whether it had an owner or was ownerless.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason why the explanation of 'goods' is appropriate is. ; avahāratena=by the monk who stole. ; "mayā=by me. ; idaṃ nāma bhaṇḍaṃ=this particular article. ; avahaṭa"nti=was stolen. ; vuttepi=even when it is said. ; āpattiṃ=the offense. ; anāropetvāva=without imposing it. ; taṃ bhaṇḍaṃ=that article. ; "sasāmikaṃ vā=Does the article have an owner?. ; asādhikaṃ vā=Or does it not have an owner?. ; iti=thus. ; upaparitabbaṃ=should be investigated. ; sasāmikepi=even if it has an owner. ; sāmikānaṃ=of the owners. ; sālayabhāvo vā=the state of being attached. ; nirālayabhāvo vā=or the state of not being attached. ; upaparikkhitabbo=should be investigated. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Even if it had an owner, it should be investigated whether the owners were attached to it or not attached.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; tesaṃ sāmikānaṃ=of those owners. ; sālayakāle=at a time when they were attached. ; avahaṭaṃ=it was stolen. ; bhaṇḍaṃ=the article. ; agghāpetvā=having had the value assessed. ; āpatti=the offense. ; kātabbā=should be determined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it was at a time when there was no attachment, it should not be dealt with as a Pārājika offense.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; nirālayakāle=at a time when there was no attachment. ; avahaṭaṃ=it was stolen. ; pārājikena=with a Pārājika offense. ; na kātabbā=it should not be determined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, if the owners of the goods ask for them back, the goods should be given.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=However, even though it is not determined as a Pārājika offense. ; bhaṇḍasāmikesu=if the owners of the goods. ; bhaṇḍaṃ=the goods. ; āharāpentesu=cause them to be brought back. ; bhaṇḍaṃ=the goods. ; dātabbaṃ=should be given. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is the proper conduct in this matter.

AI Translation Nissaya

ayaṃ=This returning. ; ettha=in this taking of others' property. ; sāmīci vatthaṃ=is the proper conduct. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

To clarify this point, there is this story: Reportedly, in the time of King Bhātiya, for the worship of the Great Stupa, a monk from the southern direction entered the stupa courtyard with a pale-colored robe measuring seven cubits placed on his shoulder.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Regarding the need to reflect on 'with owner' and 'attachment'. ; imassa atthassa=of this meaning. ; dīpanatthaṃ=for the purpose of clarifying. ; idaṃ=this, which will be told. ; vatthu=is the story. ; bhātiyarājakāle=In the time of King Bhātiya. ; mahācetiyapūjāyama=in order to worship the Great Stupa. ; dakkhiṇadisato=from the southern direction. ; eko bhikkhu=a certain monk. ; sattahatthaṃ=measuring seven cubits. ; paṇḍukāsāvaṃ=a pale-colored robe. ; aṃ့se karitvā=placing it on his shoulder. ; cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ=the stupa courtyard. ; pāvisi=entered. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And at that very moment, the king also arrived to pay homage to the stupa.

AI Translation Nissaya

takhaṅṇameva ca=At that very moment. ; rājāpi=the king also. ; cetiya vandanatthaṃ=for the purpose of paying homage to the stupa. ; āgato=arrived. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, as the ceremony was proceeding, there was a great crowd of people.

AI Translation Nissaya

tato cetiyaṅgaṇabho=From that stupa courtyard. ; ussāraṇāya=the festival. ; vattamānāya=when it was happening. ; mahājanasampaddho=a great crowd of people. ; vā=or a gathering. ; ahosi=there was. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then that monk, being oppressed by the crush of the crowd, left without seeing the saffron robe falling from his shoulder. Having left and not seeing his saffron robe, he thought, 'Who could get a saffron robe in such a crowd? It is no longer mine,' and having given up the quest, he went away.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha=Then. ; so bhikkhu=that monk. ; janasampaddhipīḷito=being oppressed by the crush of the crowd. ; aṃsato=from the shoulder. ; patantaṃ=falling. ; kāsāvaṃ=the saffron robe. ; adisvāva=without seeing. ; nikkhanto=left. ; nikkhamitvā=Having left. ; kāsāvaṃ=the saffron robe. ; apassanto=not seeing. ; ko=Who?. ; īdise=in such. ; janasammadde=a crowd. ; kāsāvaṃ=a saffron robe. ; lacchati=could get?. ; dāni=now. ; mayhaṃ=mine. ; taṃ=that (robe). ; na=It is not. ; iti=thus thinking. ; dhuranikkhepaṃ=gave up the quest (lit. laid down the burden). ; katvā=having done. ; gato=went away. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then another monk, coming afterwards, saw that saffron robe and took it with the intention to steal. Becoming regretful again, when the thought arose, 'Now I am not a monk, I will fall from the holy life,' he thought, 'I will ask the experts in Vinaya and I will know.'

AI Translation Nissaya

atha=Then. ; añño=another. ; bhikkhu=monk. ; pacchā=afterwards. ; āgacchanto=coming. ; taṃ kāsāvaṃ=that saffron robe. ; disvā=having seen. ; theyyacittena=with the intention to steal. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; puna=again. ; vippaṭisārī=regretful. ; hutvā=having become. ; dāni=now. ; assamaṇo=not a monk. ; amhi=I am. ; vibbhamissāmi'ti=I will fall from the holy life. ; citte=when the thought. ; uppanne=arose. ; vinayadhare=the experts in Vinaya. ; pucchitvā=having asked. ; ñassāmi'ti'I will know'. ; cintesi=he thought. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

At that time, the Elder named Cūḷasumana, a master of all the scriptures and the chief among the teachers of the Vinaya, was residing in the Great Monastery.

AI Translation Nissaya

tena samayena=At that time. ; sabbapariyattidharo=who was a master of all the scriptures. ; vinayācariyapāmokkho=who was the chief among the teachers of the Vinaya. ; cūḷasumanatthero nāma=the Elder named Cūḷasumana. ; mahāvihāre=in the Great Monastery. ; paṭivasati=was residing. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That monk, having approached the Elder, paid homage, requested permission, and asked about his own remorse.

AI Translation Nissaya

so bhikkhu=That monk. ; theraṃ=the Elder. ; upasaṅkamitvā=having approached. ; vanditvā=having paid homage. ; okāsaṃ=for permission. ; kāretvā=having requested. ; attano=his own. ; kukkuccaṃ=about his remorse. ; pucchi=asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Elder, having known that the monk had come afterwards and taken it after the crowd had dispersed, thought, 'Now there is a way in this matter.' He said, 'If you can bring the monk who owns the saffron robe, it would be possible to establish your exoneration.'

AI Translation Nissaya

thero=The Elder. ; tena bhikkhunā=by that monk. ; janakāye=the crowd of people. ; bhaṭṭhe=had dispersed. ; pacchā=afterwards. ; āgantvā=having come. ; gahitabhāvaṃ=the fact that it was taken. ; ñatvā=having known. ; dāni=now. ; ettha=in this matter. ; okāso=there is a way. ; atthi''ti'there is'. ; cintetvā=having thought. ; sace=If. ; kāsāvasāmikaṃ=the owner of the saffron robe. ; bhikkhuṃ=the monk. ; āneyyāsi=you can bring. ; tava=your. ; patiṭṭhā=a foundation (for exoneration). ; kātuṃ=to make. ; sakkā=it is possible. ; bhaveyya=it would be. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Venerable sir, how will I see him?'

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sir. ; ahaṃ=I. ; kathaṃ=How. ; taṃ=him (the owner of the saffron robe). ; dakkhissāmi=will I see?. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When this was said, the Elder replied, 'Go here and there and look.'

AI Translation Nissaya

iti=Thus. ; vutte=when it was said. ; tahiṃ tahiṃ=to here and there. ; gantvā=having gone. ; olokehi=look. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That monk looked in the five great monasteries as well, but did not see him.

AI Translation Nissaya

so bhikkhu=That monk. ; pañcapi mahāvihāre=the five great monasteries also. ; oloketvā=having looked. ; neva addakkhi=did not see him. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then the Elder asked him, 'From which direction do many monks come?'

AI Translation Nissaya

tato=Then. ; naṃ=that monk. ; thero=the Elder. ; pucchi=asked. ; katarāya disāya=From which direction. ; bahū=many. ; bhikkhū=monks. ; āgacchanti=come?. ; iti=thus. ; pucchi=he asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'From the southern direction, venerable sir,' he said.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sir. ; dakkhiṇadisāyā'ti=From the southern direction. ; vutte=when it was said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'In that case, measure the saffron robe by length and by width and set it aside. Having done so, search in the southern direction according to the order of the monasteries and bring that monk,' said the Elder.

AI Translation Nissaya

tenahi=In that case. ; kāsāvaṃ=the saffron robe. ; dīghato ca=by length and. ; tiriyañca=by width. ; minitvā=having measured. ; ṭhapehi=place it aside. ; ṭhapetvā=Having placed it. ; dakkhiṇadisāya=in the southern direction. ; vihārapaṭipāṭiyā=according to the order of the monasteries. ; vicinitvā=having searched. ; taṃ bhikkhuṃ=that monk, the owner of the robe. ; ānehī'ti=bring him. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That monk did as he was told, and having seen that monk, brought him to the Elder's presence.

AI Translation Nissaya

so bhikkhu=That monk. ; tathā=as the Elder had said. ; katvā=having done. ; taṃ bhikkhuṃ=that monk. ; disvā=having seen. ; therassa=the Elder's. ; santikaṃ=to the presence of. ; ānesi=brought him. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Elder asked, 'Is this your saffron robe?'

AI Translation Nissaya

thero=The Elder. ; idaṃ kāsāvaṃ=Is this saffron robe. ; tava=yours?. ; kāsāvaṃ=your saffron robe?. ; iti=thus. ; pucchi=asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Yes, venerable sir,' he replied.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sir. ; āma=Yes. ; iti=thus. ; vutte=when it was said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Where did you drop it?' he asked.

AI Translation Nissaya

kuhiṃ=Where. ; te=you. ; cīvaraṃ=the robe. ; pātitaṃ=did you drop?. ; iti=thus. ; pucchi=he asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That monk explained everything.

AI Translation Nissaya

so bhikkhu=That monk. ; sabbaṃ=everything. ; ācikkhi=explained. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Elder, having heard about the giving up of the quest done by that monk, asked the other one, 'Where did you see and take this robe?'

AI Translation Nissaya

thero=The Elder. ; tena bhikkhunā=by that monk. ; kataṃ=done. ; dhuranikkhepaṃ=the giving up of the quest. ; sutvā=having heard. ; itaraṃ bhikkhuṃ=the other monk who picked it up. ; tayā=by you. ; idaṃ cīvaraṃ=this robe. ; kuhiṃ=where. ; disvā=having seen. ; gahitaṃ=was it taken?. ; iti=thus. ; pucchi=he asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That monk also related everything.

AI Translation Nissaya

sopi bhikkhu=That monk also. ; sabbaṃ=everything. ; ārocesi=related. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then the Elder said to that monk, 'If it had been taken by you with a pure mind, there would be no offense for you. But because it was taken with the intention to steal, you have committed a `dukkaṭa` offense. Having confessed that `dukkaṭa` offense, become free from it. And this saffron robe, having made it your own property, give it to this very monk.'

AI Translation Nissaya

tato=Then. ; taṃ bhikkhuṃ=that monk. ; thero=the Elder. ; sace=If. ; te tayā=by you. ; suddhacittena=with a pure mind. ; gahitaṃ=it. ; abhavissa=had been taken. ; te=for you. ; anāpattiyeva=there would be no offense. ; assa=it would be. ; theyyacittena=with the intention to steal. ; gahitattā pana=but because it was taken. ; dukkaṭaṃ=a `dukkaṭa` (wrongdoing) offense. ; āpanno=you have committed. ; asi=you are. ; taṃ dukkaṭaṃ=that `dukkaṭa` offense. ; desetvā=having confessed. ; anāpattiko=be without offense. ; hosi=you become. ; idañca kāsāvaṃ=and this saffron robe. ; attano santakaṃ katvā=having made it your own property. ; etasseva bhikkhuno=to this very monk (the owner). ; dehi=give it. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That monk was as if sprinkled with ambrosia and reached a state of great relief.

AI Translation Nissaya

so bhikkhu=That monk who had picked up the robe. ; amatena=with ambrosia. ; abhisitto eva=as if sprinkled. ; varamassāsappatto=reached a state of great relief. ; ahosi=he was. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, the object should be examined (as to whether it has an owner or not, and if it has an owner, whether it has been relinquished or not).

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; vatthu=the object, whether it has an owner or not, and if it has an owner, whether it has been relinquished or not. ; oloketabbaṃ=should be examined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The 'time' (kālo) refers to the time of the theft.

AI Translation Nissaya

kālo'ti=The 'time'. ; avahārakālo=is the time of the theft. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, that very same item is sometimes of little value and at other times of great value.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=Indeed, regarding the time, the time of theft should be taken because. ; tadeva bhaṇḍaṃ=that very same item. ; kadāci=sometimes. ; appagghaṃ=is of little value. ; hoti=it is. ; kadāci=at other times. ; mahagghaṃ=of great value. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, at whatever time that item was stolen, the offense should be determined by the value it had at that very time.

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmā=Therefore, because the same item can be of little value at one time and great value at another. ; kālo'ti='time' is. ; avahārakālo=the time of theft. ; (reiteration). ; tasmā=Therefore, because 'time' is the time of theft. ; (linking to next part). ; taṃ bhaṇḍaṃ=that item. ; yasmiṃ kāle=at what time. ; avahaṭaṃ=it was stolen. ; tasmiṃyeva kāle=at that very time. ; tassa bhaṇḍassa=of that item. ; yo aggho=whatever value. ; hoti=there is. ; tena agghena=by that value. ; āpatti=the offense. ; kāretabbā=should be determined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, the time should be examined.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; kālo=the time of the theft. ; oloketabbo=should be examined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The 'place' (deso) refers to the place of the theft.

AI Translation Nissaya

deso'ti=The 'place'. ; avahāradeso=is the place of the theft. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, in whatever place that item was stolen, the offense should be determined by the value it has in that very place.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=Indeed, regarding the place, the place of theft should be considered because. ; taṃ bhaṇḍaṃ=that item. ; yasmiṃ dese=in what place. ; avahaṭaṃ=it was stolen. ; tasmiṃyeva dese=in that very place. ; tassa bhaṇḍassa=of that item. ; yo aggho=whatever value. ; hoti=there is. ; tena agghena=by that value. ; āpatti=the offense. ; kāretabbā=should be determined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For in the place where an item originates it is of little value, while elsewhere it is of great value.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason for the commentary stating 'in whatever place it was stolen, by the value it has in that very place' is that. ; bhaṇḍuṭṭhānadese=in the place where the item originates. ; vā=or is produced. ; bhaṇḍaṃ=an item. ; appagghaṃ=is of little value. ; hoti=it is. ; aññattha dese=in another place. ; mahagghaṃ=it is of great value. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

To illustrate this meaning, here is a story: On an island in the middle of the ocean, a certain monk, having obtained a well-formed coconut, placed it on a lathe and made a beautiful drinking cup similar to a conch-shell cup. He left it right there on that island and went to Cetiyagiri.

AI Translation Nissaya

ca=Now, here is a story in which an offense was judged by the value of the stolen item in the place where it was stolen. ; imassa atthassa=Of this meaning also, that an offense should be judged by the value of the stolen item in the place where it was stolen. ; dīpanatthaṃ=for the purpose of illustrating. ; idaṃ=this. ; vatthu=is the story. ; antarasamudde=on an island in the middle of the ocean. ; eko=a certain. ; bhikkhu=monk. ; susaṇṭhānaṃ=a well-formed. ; nāḷikeraṃ=coconut. ; labhitvā=having obtained. ; bhamaṃ=on a lathe. ; āropetvā=having placed it. ; saṅkhathālakasadisaṃ=similar to a conch-shell cup. ; manoramaṃ=a beautiful. ; pānīyathālakaṃ=drinking cup. ; katvā=having made. ; tattheva samuddantare=right there on that very island in the ocean. ; ṭhapetvā=having left it. ; cetiyagiriṃ=to Cetiyagiri. ; agamāsi=he went. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Another monk, having gone to the island in the middle of the ocean and while residing in the monastery there, saw that cup. With the intention to steal, he took it and came to Cetiyagiri itself.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha=After he had gone. ; añño bhikkhu=another monk. ; antarasamuddaṃ=to the island in the middle of the ocean. ; gantvā=having gone. ; tasmiṃ vihāre=in that monastery. ; paṭivasanto=while residing. ; taṃ thālakaṃ=that cup. ; disvā=having seen. ; theyyacittena=with the intention to steal. ; gahetvā=having taken it. ; cetiyagirimeva=to Cetiyagiri itself. ; āgato=he came. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

There, while that monk was drinking gruel, the monk who owned the cup saw it and said, 'From where did you get this cup?'

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=There at Cetiyagiri. ; tassa bhikkhuno=of that monk. ; yāguṃ=gruel. ; pivantassa=while drinking. ; taṃ thālakaṃ=that cup. ; disvā=having seen. ; thālakasāmiko bhikkhu=the monk who owned the cup. ; idaṃ thālakaṃ=this cup. ; te tayā=by you. ; kuto=from where. ; laddhaṃ=was it obtained?. ; iti=thus. ; āha=said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'It was brought by me from the island in the middle of the ocean.'

AI Translation Nissaya

antarasamuddato=From the island in the middle of the ocean. ; me mayā=by me. ; ānītan'ti=it was brought. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When this was said, the monk who owned the cup said to the other monk, 'This cup is not your property; it was taken by you through theft,' and dragged him into the midst of the Sangha.

AI Translation Nissaya

vutte=When this was said. ; so thālakasāmiko bhikkhu=the monk who owned the cup. ; taṃ bhikkhuṃ=that monk who stole the cup. ; etaṃ thālakaṃ=This coconut cup. ; tava=your. ; na santakaṃ=is not your property. ; theyyāya=By theft. ; te tayā=by you. ; gahitan'ti=it was taken. ; saṅghamajjhaṃ=into the midst of the Sangha. ; ākaḍḍhi=he dragged him. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But being unable to get a decision there, they went to the Great Monastery. And there, having had a drum beaten, they held an assembly near the Great Cetiya and began the judgment.

AI Translation Nissaya

ca=Although he brought him into the midst of the Sangha. ; tattha=there at Cetiyagiri. ; vinicchayaṃ=a decision. ; alabhitvā=not obtaining. ; mahāvihāraṃ=to the Great Monastery. ; agamiṃsu=they went. ; tattha ca=And there at the Great Monastery. ; bheriṃ=a drum. ; paharāpetvā=having had it beaten. ; mahācetiyasamīpe=near the Great Cetiya. ; sannipātaṃ=an assembly. ; katvā=having made. ; vinicchayaṃ=the judgment. ; ārabhiṃsu=they began. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Elders expert in the Vinaya acknowledged the theft.

AI Translation Nissaya

vinayadharattherā=The Elders expert in the Vinaya. ; avahāraṃ=the theft. ; saññāpesuṃ=acknowledged. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In that assembly, there was an Elder named Godatta, an expert in the Abhidhamma, who was skilled in the Vinaya. That Elder Godatta spoke thus: 'By this monk, in what place was this cup taken?'

AI Translation Nissaya

ca=Although all the Vinaya Elders acknowledged the theft. ; tasmiṃ sannipāte=in that assembly. ; ābhidhammikagodattatthero nāma=the Elder named Godatta, an expert in the Abhidhamma. ; vinayakusalo=was skilled in the Vinaya. ; hoti=he was. ; so thero=That Elder Godatta. ; iminā=By this monk. ; idaṃ thālakaṃ=this cup. ; kuhiṃ=in what place. ; avahaṭaṃ=was it taken?. ; iti=thus. ; evaṃ=in this way. ; āha=he spoke. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When it was said, 'It was taken on the island in the middle of the ocean.'

AI Translation Nissaya

antarasamudde=On the island in the middle of the ocean. ; avahaṭaṃ=it was taken. ; iti=thus. ; vutte=when it was said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

He asked, 'There, what is it worth?'

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha tasmiṃ antarasamudde=There on that island in the middle of the ocean. ; taṃ=it. ; kiṃ agghati=what is it worth?. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It is not worth anything.

AI Translation Nissaya

kiñci=anything at all. ; na agghati=It is not worth. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For there, after breaking a coconut and eating the kernel, they discard the shell; but it does fulfill the purpose of being firewood.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason for the answer 'It is not worth anything' is that. ; tatra antarasamudde=there on the island in the middle of the ocean. ; nāḷikeraṃ=a coconut. ; bhinditvā=having broken. ; miñjaṃ=the kernel. ; khāditvā=having eaten. ; kapālaṃ=the shell. ; chaḍḍenti=they discard. ; dāruatthaṃ pana=But as for the purpose of firewood. ; pharati sādheti=it fulfills. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When this was said, he asked, 'What is the handiwork of the monk who owns this cup worth?'

AI Translation Nissaya

iti=Thus. ; vutte=when it was said. ; imassa bhikkhuno=of this monk who owns the cup. ; ettha=on this cup. ; hatthakammaṃ=the handiwork. ; kiṃ agghati=what is it worth?. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'It is worth one māsaka, or less than a māsaka.'

AI Translation Nissaya

māsakaṃ vā=One māsaka. ; ūnamāsakaṃ vā=or less than a māsaka. ; agghati=it is worth. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When this was said, he asked, 'Now then, is there anywhere a Pārājika offense laid down by the Perfectly Enlightened One for a māsaka or for less than a māsaka?'

AI Translation Nissaya

iti=Thus. ; vutte=when it was said. ; pana=Now then, having questioned the value of the item in the place where it was stolen, he judged the offense. ; katthaci pāḷiyaṃ=in any Pāḷi text. ; sammāsambuddhena=by the Perfectly Enlightened One. ; māsakena vā=for one māsaka. ; ūnamāsakena vā=or for less than a māsaka. ; paññattaṃ=laid down. ; pārājikaṃ=a Pārājika offense. ; atthi=is there?. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When this was said, a single cry of approval arose, 'Excellent, excellent! Well spoken! Well judged!'

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; vutte=when it was said. ; sādhu sādhu=Excellent, excellent!. ; sukathitaṃ=Well spoken. ; suvinicchitaṃ=Well judged. ; iti=thus. ; ekasādhukāro=a single cry of approval. ; ahosi=arose. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

At that time, King Bhātiya, who had gone out from the city to venerate the cetiya, heard that sound and asked, 'What is this?' Having heard the entire sequence of events, he had a drum beaten in the city, proclaiming: 'While I am present, any legal case of monks, nuns, or laypeople, when judged by the Elder Godatta, expert in the Abhidhamma, is a well-judged decision. Anyone who does not abide by his judgment, I will establish by the king's authority.'

AI Translation Nissaya

ca=It was not only the monks who gave a cry of approval. ; tena samayena=At that time. ; bhātiyarājāpi=King Bhātiya also. ; (goes to: 'had a drum beaten'). ; cetiyavandanatthaṃ=for the purpose of venerating the cetiya. ; nagarato=from the city of Anuradhapura. ; nikkhanto=having gone out. ; taṃ saddaṃ=that sound. ; sutvā=having heard. ; idaṃ sādhukāraṃ=this cry of approval. ; kiṃ=what is the reason for it?. ; iti=thus. ; pucchitvā=having asked. ; sabbaṃ=everything. ; paṭipāṭiyā=in order. ; sutvā=having heard. ; mayi=I. ; sante=while I am present. ; bhikkhūnampi=of monks. ; bhikkhunīnampi=of nuns. ; gihīnampi=of laypeople. ; adhikaraṇaṃ=a legal case. ; ābhidhammikagodattattherena=by the Elder Godatta, expert in the Abhidhamma. ; vinicchitaṃ=when judged. ; suvinicchitaṃ=is a well-judged decision. ; hoti=it is. ; tassa therassa=of that Elder. ; vinicchaye=in the judgment. ; atiṭṭhamānaṃ=a person who does not abide. ; rājāṇāya=by the king's authority. ; ṭhapemi=I will establish. ; iti=thus. ; nagare=in the city. ; bheriṃ=a drum. ; carāpesi=he had beaten. ; (Note: The mention of 'gihīnampi' is considered unsuitable here, 'gihīnaṭṭhaṃ' would be more appropriate, as a king wouldn't typically rule on their disputes in this manner). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In this way, the place should be examined.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=In this way. ; deso=the place of the theft. ; oloketabbo=should be examined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The 'value' (aggho) refers to the value of the item.

AI Translation Nissaya

aggho'ti=The 'value'. ; bhaṇḍaggho=is the value of the item at the moment it is stolen. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For whatever value a new item has, that value later diminishes.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason for the explanation 'the value of the item' is that. ; navabhaṇḍassa=of a new item. ; yo aggho=whatever value. ; hoti=there is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Just as a newly fired bowl is worth eight or ten, but later, if it is cracked, has a hole, or is patched with a rivet, it becomes of little value, so that value diminishes later. Therefore, an item should not always be assessed only by its original value.

AI Translation Nissaya

so aggho=that value. ; navadhoto=newly fired. ; patto=a bowl. ; aṭṭha vā=eight. ; agghati=is worth. ; dasa vā=or ten. ; agghati=is worth. ; so patto=that bowl. ; pacchā=later. ; bhinno vā=if it is cracked. ; chiddo vā=or has a hole. ; āṇigaṇṭhikāhato vā=or is patched with a rivet. ; appaggho=is of little value. ; hoti=it becomes. ; yathā=just as. ; pacchā=later on. ; parihāyati=it diminishes. ; tasmā=Therefore, because the value of a new item diminishes later. ; sabbadā=always. ; bhaṇḍaṃ=an item. ; pakatiagghena eva=only by its original value. ; na kātabbaṃ=should not be assessed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, the value should be examined.

AI Translation Nissaya

iti evaṃ=Thus. ; aggho=the value of the stolen item at the moment of theft. ; oloketabbo=should be examined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Usage' (paribhogo) refers to the use of an item.

AI Translation Nissaya

paribhogo'ti='Usage'. ; bhaṇḍaparibhogo=is the usage of an item that causes its value to decrease. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For through usage also, the value of items such as an adze diminishes.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason for the explanation 'usage of an item' is that. ; paribhogena'pi=through usage also. ; vāsiādibhaṇḍassa=of items such as an adze. ; aggho=the value. ; parihāyati=diminishes. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, it should be investigated in this way: if a monk steals another monk's adze worth one pāda, in that case the owner of the adze should be asked, 'For how much did you buy this adze?'

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmā=Therefore, because 'usage' refers to usage that diminishes an item's value. ; evaṃ=in this way. ; uparikkhatabbaṃ=it should be investigated. ; sace=If. ; koci bhikkhu=some monk. ; kassaci bhikkhuno=of some monk. ; pādagghanakaṃ=worth one pāda. ; vāsiṃ=an adze. ; harati=steals. ; tatra=in that legal case. ; vāsisāmiko=the owner of the adze. ; tayā=by you. ; ayaṃ vāsi=this adze. ; kittakena=for how much. ; kītā=was it bought?. ; iti=thus. ; pucchitabbo=should be asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If he says, 'For one pāda, venerable sir.'

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sir. ; pādena=For one pāda. ; kītā=it was bought. ; iti=thus. ; vutto=when he says. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

He should then be asked, 'Did you just set it aside after buying it, or did you use it?'

AI Translation Nissaya

puna=Further, I will ask. ; kiṃ=What?. ; te tayā=by you. ; kiṇitvā'va=just after buying it. ; ṭhapitā=was it set aside?. ; udāhu=Or. ; naṃ vāsiṃ=that adze. ; vaḷañjesi=did you use it?. ; iti=thus. ; pucchitabbo=he should be asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If he says, 'For just one day I cut a tooth-stick, or bark for dyeing robes, or firewood for firing a bowl with it,' or 'it was sharpened by rubbing,' then it should be known that its former value is destroyed or diminished.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; ekadivasaṃ=for just one day. ; me mayā=by me. ; dantakaṭṭhaṃ vā=a tooth-stick. ; rajanachalli vā=or bark for dyeing robes. ; pattapacanakadāru vā=or firewood for firing a bowl. ; chinnaṃ=was cut. ; ghaṃsitvā vā=Or by rubbing. ; nisitā=it was sharpened. ; iti=thus. ; vadati=he says. ; atha=if he says so. ; assa vāsiyā=of that adze. ; porāṇako aggho=the former value. ; bhaṭṭho=is destroyed. ; vā=or diminished. ; iti=thus. ; veditabbo=it should be known. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And just as the value of an adze is diminished by its use, similarly, the value of an antimony pot, an antimony applicator, or a hook is diminished even by the mere act of scrubbing and washing them once with straw, husks, or brick powder.

AI Translation Nissaya

ca=Now I will continue to show how the former value is destroyed by their own use for items like an antimony pot, antimony applicator, and so on. ; vāsiyā=of an adze. ; aggho=the value. ; bhassati yathā=is destroyed by its own use, just as. ; evaṃ tathā=similarly. ; añjaniyā vā=of an antimony pot. ; añjanisalākāya vā=or of an antimony applicator. ; kuñcikāya vā=or of a hook. ; (connects to 'aggho'). ; palālena vā=with straw. ; thusehi vā=or with husks. ; iṭṭhakacuṇṇena vā=or with brick powder. ; ekavāraṃ=once. ; ghaṃsitvā=by scrubbing. ; dhovitamattena'pi=and by the mere act of washing. ; aggho=the former value. ; bhassati=diminishes. ; (The word 'vāsi' can mean adze, razor, or machete). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For a lead plate, its value diminishes even by cutting it in the shape of a makara tooth or by the mere act of wiping it; for a water-cloth, even by wearing or putting it on once, or as a sign of use, by the mere act of placing it on the shoulder or head; for rice and so on, even by winnowing it, by removing one or two grains from it, or at the very least, by picking out and discarding a single pebble from it; for ghee, oil, and so on, even by transferring it to another container, or at the very least, by removing and discarding a fly or an ant from it; for a ball of molasses, even by piercing it with a fingernail and taking a tiny amount for the purpose of knowing its sweetness, the value diminishes.

AI Translation Nissaya

tipumaṇḍalassa=For a lead plate (used to mend bowls). ; agghothe value. ; makaradantacchedanenapi=even by cutting it in the shape of a makara tooth. ; parimajjanamattenapi=or by the mere act of wiping it. ; bhassati=diminishes. ; udakasāṭakassa=For a water-cloth. ; agghothe value. ; sakiṃ=once. ; nivāsanapārupanenapi=even by the mere act of wearing it or putting it on. ; paribhogasīsena=as a primary sign of use. ; aṃse vā=on the shoulder. ; sīse vā=or on the head. ; ṭhapanamattenapi=by the mere act of placing it for a moment. ; bhassati=diminishes. ; taṇḍulādīnaṃ=For rice and so on. ; papphoṭanenapi=even by the mere act of winnowing. ; tato=from that rice, etc. ; ekaṃ vā=one grain. ; dve vā=or two grains. ; apanayanenapi=by removing them. ; antamaso=at the very least. ; ekaṃ pāsāṇasakkharaṃ=a single stone or pebble. ; uddharitvā=having picked out. ; chaḍḍitamattenapi=by the mere act of discarding. ; aggho=the value. ; bhassati=diminishes. ; sappitelādīnaṃ=For ghee, oil, and so on. ; bhājanantaraparivattanenapi=even by the mere act of transferring to another container. ; antamaso=at the very least. ; tato=from that ghee, oil, etc. ; makkhikaṃ vā=a fly. ; kipillikaṃ vā=or an ant. ; uddharitvā=having removed. ; chaḍḍitamattenapi=by the mere act of discarding. ; aggho=the value. ; bhassati=diminishes. ; guḷapiṇḍikassa=For a ball of molasses. ; madhurabhāvajānanatthaṃ=for the purpose of knowing its sweetness. ; nakhena=with a fingernail. ; vijjhitvā=having pierced it. ; aṇumattaṃ=even by the mere act of taking a tiny amount. ; agghothe value. ; bhassati=diminishes. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, if any item worth one pāda has been reduced in value to less than a pāda by its owners through usage in the way mentioned, a monk who steals it should not be charged with a Pārājika offense.

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmā=Therefore, because the value of items like an adze is diminished by their use. ; yaṃ kiñci=whatever. ; pādagghanakaṃ=item worth one pāda. ; sāmikehi=by the owners. ; vuttanayeneva=only by the method mentioned, such as cutting with an adze or sharpening it. ; paribhogena=through usage. ; ūnaṃ=less than a pāda. ; kataṃ=is made to be worth. ; hoti=it is. ; taṃ vatthuṃ=that object, which was previously worth one pāda but is now worth less than a pāda due to usage. ; avahaṭo=who steals. ; bhikkhu=a monk. ; pārājikena=with a Pārājika offense. ; na kātabbo=should not be charged. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, the value should be examined.

AI Translation Nissaya

iti evaṃ=Thus. ; aggho=the value. ; oloketabbo=should be examined. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, a discerning person should weigh these five points and bear the meaning in mind; one should place an offense, a non-offense, a grave offense, or a light offense in its proper place.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; vicakkhaṇo=a wise Vinaya master with discerning wisdom. ; imāni pañca ṭhānāni=these five points. ; tulayitvā=having weighed. ; atthaṃ=the meaning. ; dhāreyya=should bear in mind. ; āpattiṃ vā=Whether it is an offense. ; anāpattiṃ vā=or not an offense. ; garukaṃ vā āpattiṃ=or a grave offense. ; lahukaṃ vā āpattiṃ=or a light offense. ; yathāṭhāne=in its proper place as prescribed. ; ṭhapeyya=one should place it. ; iti=Thus it should be remembered. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For that reason, the commentators have said:

AI Translation Nissaya

tena=For that reason. ; aṭṭhakathācariyā=the commentators. ; sikkhāpadaṃ...vicakkhaṇo'ti=the verse beginning 'sikkhāpadaṃ...vicakkhaṇo'. ; āhu=have said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

There is no other training rule equal to this one,

AI Translation based on Nissaya

replete with numerous methods and having profound meaning in its judgments.

AI Translation Nissaya

anekanayavokiṇṇaṃ=replete with numerous methods. ; gambhīratthavinicchayaṃ=and having profound meaning in its judgments. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, when a case has arisen, by a monk who is an expert in the Vinaya,

AI Translation based on Nissaya

while making a judgment in this case in order to uphold the Vinaya.

AI Translation Nissaya

dutiyaṃ=the second. ; pārājikaṃ=named Pārājika. ; yaṃ idaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ=whatever this training rule is. ; idha=here in this Vinaya Piṭaka. ; pakāsitaṃ=is explained. ; tena=with that training rule named the Second Pārājika, which is replete with various methods and has profound meaning in its decisions. ; samaṃ=equal. ; aññaṃ=another. ; kiñciany (training rule). ; na vijjati=does not exist. ; tasmā=Therefore, because this second Pārājika training rule is replete with various methods and has profound meaning in its decisions. ; vatthumhi=when a case. ; otiṇṇe=has come before the Sangha. ; ettha=in this case that has come. ; vinayānuggahena=by means of upholding the Vinaya. ; vinicchayaṃ=a decision. ; karontena=making. ; vinayaññunā=by a monk skilled in the Vinaya. ; bhikkhunā=by a monk. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Pāḷi text and the commentary, together with their intention, without remainder,

AI Translation Nissaya

sādhippāyaṃ=together with its intention. ; pāḷiṃ=the Pāḷi text. ; aṭṭhakathañceva=and the commentary. ; asesato=without remainder. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

having been penetrated with wisdom, a decision should be made with diligence.

AI Translation Nissaya

ogayha=having penetrated with wisdom. ; appamattena=being free from the quality of negligence. ; vinicchayo=a decision. ; karaṇīyo=should be made. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The effort to see an offense should never be made;

AI Translation Nissaya

āpattidassanussāho=The effort to see an offense. ; kudācanaṃ=at any time. ; na kattabbo=should not be made. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

one should rather have the mental attitude, 'I will look for the absence of an offense.'

AI Translation Nissaya

anāpattiṃ=only the absence of an offense. ; passissāmi=I will look for. ; iti mānasaṃ=only this mental attitude. ; kayirātha=should be made. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And even after seeing an offense, without yet pronouncing judgment, one should again and again,

AI Translation Nissaya

āpattiṃ=an offense that has been committed. ; passitvā'pi ca=And even after seeing. ; avatvā'va=without yet making a decision about the offense. ; taṃ=that offense which has been seen. ; punappunaṃ=again and again. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

investigate and consult with the wise, and only then should one pronounce it.

AI Translation Nissaya

vīmaṃsitvā'va=only after investigating. ; viññūhi=with the wise who are skilled in the Vinaya. ; saṃsanditvā ca=and only after consulting. ; vade=one should pronounce judgment. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Even in the case of an allowable object, because of the fickle nature of the mind,

AI Translation Nissaya

idha=here in the dispensation of the Buddha. ; puthujjanā=worldlings. ; kappiye=allowable, being the property of one's parents. ; vatthusmiṃ pi ca=even in the case of an object. ; lahuvattino=which is quick to change. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

worldlings here may fall away from the virtue of monkhood.

AI Translation Nissaya

cittassa=of the mind. ; vasena=through the power. ; sāmaññaguṇā=from the virtues of monkhood, that is, moral discipline. ; cavanti=they are liable to fall. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, a discerning one, regarding the requisites of another like a snake with potent venom,

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmā=Therefore, because even allowable property of one's parents can be a cause for the virtue of monkhood to shift. ; vicakkhaṇo=a monk with discerning wisdom who sees the various distinctions. ; paraparikkhāraṃ=the requisites of another. ; āsīvisaṃ=with potent venom. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

and like a fire, should not handle them. This is the instruction.

AI Translation Nissaya

uragaṃ iva ca=and like a snake. ; aggiṃ viya ca=and like a fire. ; sampassaṃ sampassanto=seeing well. ; na āmaseyya=should not handle it. ; iti ayaṃ=This. ; anusāsanī=is the sequential instruction. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Now, one who is judging a declaration of a superhuman attainment should ask: 'What have you attained?

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Now, leaving aside the judgment of theft, I will speak of judgment in the matter of jhāna. ; uttarimanussadhammārocanaṃ=In the matter of declaring a superhuman state, that is, a state of jhāna, path, or fruition, which is superior to the ten wholesome paths of action of humans. ; vinicchinantena=a monk who wishes to decide. ; te=you. ; kiṃ=what. ; adhigataṃ=have you attained?. ; te=you. ; kinti=how. ; adhigataṃ=did you attain it?. ; te=you. ; kadā=when. ; adhigataṃ=did you attain it?. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

These six points should be clarified: 'How was it attained by you? When was it attained by you? Where was it attained by you? Which defilements were abandoned by you? Of which states are you a gainer?'

AI Translation Nissaya

te=by you. ; kattha=in what place. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; te=by you. ; katame=which. ; kilesā=defilements. ; pahīnā=were abandoned? ; tvaṃ=you. ; katamesaṃ=of which. ; dhammānaṃ=states. ; labhī=are a gainer? ; iti=thus. ; imāni chaṭhānāni=these six points. ; visodhetabbāni=should be clarified. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, if any monk should declare the attainment of a superhuman state, he should not be honored merely on that account. Rather, for the purpose of clarifying these six points, he should be questioned thus: 'What has been attained by you? Was it a jhāna, or some other state among the liberations and so on?'

AI Translation Nissaya

hi saccaṃ=Indeed. ; koci=any. ; bhikkhu=monk. ; uttarimanussādhammādhigamaṃ=the attainment of a state superior to the human, that is, the attainment of a state of jhāna, path, or fruition, which is more excellent than the ten wholesome courses of action of humans. ; sacebyākareyya=if he should declare. ; so bhikkhu=that monk who made the declaration. ; (connects to na kātabbo, vattabbo). ; ettāvatā=merely on account of this statement that was declared. ; sakkāro=honor. ; na kātabbo=should not yet be made. ; pana=however. ; channaṃ=of the six. ; imesaṃ ṭhānānaṃ=of these points beginning with the question of attainment. ; vā=or. ; sodhanatthaṃ=for the purpose of clarifying and making him answer. ; evaṃ=thus. ; vattabbo=he should be questioned. ; te=by you. ; kiṃ=what. ; adhigataṃ=has been attained? ; kiṃ=what. ; jhānaṃ=jhāna. ; adhigataṃ=was attained? ; udāhu=or if not so. ; vā=or, if jhāna was not attained. ; vimokkhādīsu=among liberations and so on. ; aññataraṃ=a certain one. ; adhigataṃ=was attained? ; iti=This. ; is the meaning of the question of attainment, "What was attained by you?". ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For whatever state is attained by a monk, that state is clear to him.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason for asking 'What was attained by you?' is this:. ; yena=by which monk. ; yo dhammo=whatever state, such as jhāna. ; adhigaho=is attained. ; tassa=to that monk. ; so=that attained state, such as jhāna. ; pākaṭo=is clear. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If he says, 'This particular state was attained by me,' then he should be questioned, 'How was it attained by you?' That is, 'Among the characteristics of impermanence and so on, which did you take as your focus? Or among the thirty-eight objects, or among the states divided into material and immaterial, internal and external, etc., by what method did you focus your mind to attain it?'

AI Translation Nissaya

me=by me. ; idaṃṃ nāma=this particular state. ; adhigataṃ=was attained. ; iti=thus. ; sace vadati=if he says. ; tato=then, because of that statement. ; vā=or, after that statement. ; paraṃ=further. ; (add). ; "kintite adhigata"nti=as "How was it attained by you?". ; pucchi tabbo=He should be questioned about the means of attaining that superhuman state. ; "aniccalakkhaṇādīsu=Among the characteristics of impermanence and so on. ; kiṃ=which. ; dhuraṃ=focus. ; katvā=having made. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; aṭṭhatiṃ sāya=of the thirty-eight kinds. ; ārammaṇe su vā=or among the objects. ; rūpārūpa ajjhatta bahiddhā dibhedesu=divided into material, immaterial, internal, external, and so on. ; dhammesu vā=or among the states that are the domain of insight meditation. ; kena mukhena=by what method. ; abhinivisitvā=having focused the mind. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; iti=This is the meaning of the question of the means, "How was it attained by you?". ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For whatever a monk's mental focus is, that is clear to him.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason it is right to ask about the means with 'How was it attained by you?' is:. ; yo=the monk. ; yassa=of whatever, such as the characteristic of impermanence. ; abhiniveso=has the mental focus. ; hoti=is. ; so=that which was focused upon, such as the characteristic of impermanence. ; tassa=to that monk who focused his mind. ; pākaṭo=is clear. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If he says, 'This was my mental focus, and thus it was attained by me,' then he should be questioned, 'When was it attained by you?' That is, 'Was it attained in the morning, or at some other time, such as midday?'

AI Translation Nissaya

me=by me. ; ayaṃ nāma=this particular, such as the characteristic of impermanence. ; abhiniveso=was focused on. ; evaṃ=by this focus on the characteristic of impermanence and so on. ; mayā=by me. ; adhigataṃ=the superhuman state was attained. ; iti=thus. ; sace vadati=if he says. ; tato=because of that. ; vā=or, from that point. ; paraṃ=onward. ; "kadāte adhigata" nti=as. ; pucchitabbo=he should be questioned about the time of attainment of the superhuman state. ; "kiṃ=at what time. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; pubbaṇhe=In the morning. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; udāhu=Or not. ; jjhenhikādīsu=among midday and so on. ; aññatarasmiṃ=at some. ; kāle=time. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; iti=This is the meaning of the question of time, "When was it attained by you?". ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For to all, the time of their own attainment is clear.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason it is right to ask about the time of attainment of the superhuman state with 'When was it attained by you?' is this:. ; sabbesaṃ=to all monks. ; attanā=by oneself. ; amigatakālo=the time of attaining the superhuman state. ; vā=or, the time of the attained superhuman state. ; pākaṭo=is clear. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If he says, 'It was attained at such-and-such a time,' then he should be questioned, 'Where was it attained by you?' That is, 'Was it in the day-quarters, or at some other place, such as the night-quarters?'

AI Translation Nissaya

"amukasmiṃ nāma=at this particular. ; kāle=time. ; adhigataṃ=it was attained. ; iti=thus. ; sace vadati=if he says. ; tato=because of that statement. ; vā=or, after that statement. ; paraṃ=next. ; as "Where was it attained by you?". ; pucchitabbo=he should be questioned about the place of attainment of the superhuman state. ; "kiṃ=in what place. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; divāṭṭhāne=In the day-quarters. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; udāhu=Or not. ; vā=or, if not in the day-quarters. ; rattiṭṭhānādīsu=among the night-quarters and so on. ; aññatarasmiṃ=at some other. ; okāse=place. ; adhigataṃ=was it attained? ; iti=This is the meaning of the question of location, "Where was it attained by you?". ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For to all, the place of their own attainment is clear.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason it is right to ask about the place of attainment of the superhuman state with 'Where was it attained by you?' is this:. ; sabbesaṃ=to all monks. ; attanā=by oneself. ; adhigato kāso=the place where the superhuman state was attained. ; vā=or, the place of the attained superhuman state. ; pākaṭo=is clear. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If he says, 'The superhuman state was attained by me in such-and-such a place,' then he should be questioned, 'Which defilements were abandoned by you?' That is, 'Were the defilements destroyed by the first path abandoned, or those destroyed by the second path and the subsequent higher paths?'

AI Translation Nissaya

me=by me. ; amukasmiṃ nāma=in this particular. ; okāse=place. ; adhigataṃ=the superhuman state was attained. ; iti=thus. ; sace vadati=if he says. ; tato=because of that statement. ; paraṃ=further. ; "katame te kilesā pahīnā"ti=as "Which defilements were abandoned by you?". ; pucchitabbo=he should be questioned about the abandoned defilements. ; "kiṃ=which defilement. ; pahīnaṃ=was abandoned? ; paṭhamaggojjhā=Those to be destroyed by the first path (stream-entry). ; kilesā=defilements. ; te=by you. ; pahīnā=were abandoned? ; udāhu=Or not. ; dutiyā dimaggavajjhā=those to be destroyed by the second path and the higher paths that follow. ; kilesā=defilements. ; te=by you. ; pahīnā=were abandoned? ; (The phrase 'te kilesā pahīnā' is carried over from the main sentence). ; iti=This is. ; the meaning of the question of abandonment, "Which defilements were abandoned by you?". ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For to all, the defilements abandoned by the path they have attained are clear.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason it is right to ask about the abandoned defilements with 'Which defilements were abandoned by you?' is this:. ; sabbesaṃ=to all. ; attanā=by oneself. ; adhigatamaggena=by the path that was attained. ; pahīnā kilesā=the abandoned defilements. ; pākaṭā=are clear. ; honti=they are. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If he says, 'These particular defilements have been abandoned by me,' then he should be questioned, 'Of which states are you a gainer?' That is, 'Are you a gainer of the path of stream-entry, or of some other path, such as the path of once-returning?'

AI Translation Nissaya

me=by me. ; ime nāma=these particular. ; kilesā=defilements. ; pahīnā=have been abandoned. ; iti=thus. ; sace vadati=if he says. ; tato=because of that statement. ; paraṃ=further. ; katamesaṃ tvaṃ dhammānaṃ sātī" ti=as "Of which states are you a gainer?". ; pucchi tabbo=he should be questioned about the superhuman state that was gained. ; "kiṃ=of what. ; lābhī=are you a gainer? ; sotāpatti maggassa=Of the path of stream-entry. ; labhī=are you a gainer? ; udāhu=Or if not so. ; sakadāgāmimaggā dīsu=among the path of once-returning and so on. ; aññatarassa=of some other path. ; lābhī=are you a gainer? ; "iti=This is the meaning of the question of what was gained, "Of which states are you a gainer?". ; hi=The reason it is right to ask about the superhuman state that was gained with 'Of which states are you a gainer?' is this:. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For to all, the state attained by themselves is clear.

AI Translation Nissaya

sabbesaṃ=to all. ; attanā=by oneself. ; adhigata dhammo=the superhuman state that was gained. ; pākaṭo=is clear. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If he says, 'I am a gainer of these particular states,' his word should not be believed even on this account.

AI Translation Nissaya

ahaṃ=I. ; imesaṃ nāma=of these particular. ; dhammānaṃ=superhuman states. ; lābhī=am a gainer. ; "iti=thus. ; sace vadati=if he says. ; assa=of that monk who declared the superhuman state. ; ettāvatāpi=by this much. ; also by the series of statements such as "This particular state was attained by me; this particular focus was mine; thus it was attained by me; it was attained at such-and-such a time". ; vacanaṃ=his word. ; na saddhātabbaṃ=should not yet be believed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For learned monks, skilled in studying and questioning, are able to clarify these six points. However, the path of practice of this monk should be clarified.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason for not yet believing is this:. ; bhikkhū=monks. ; bahussutā=being learned. ; uggahaparipucchā kusalā=and being skilled in learning and questioning the Pāli and commentaries. ; cha=six. ; imāni ṭhānāni=these points, which are questions beginning with "What was attained by you?". ; sodhetuṃ=to clarify by answering with statements such as "This particular state was attained by me". ; sakkonti=are able. ; pana=However, even if he clarifies and answers with statements like "This particular state was attained by me," he should not yet be believed, but this should be clarified further:. ; imassa=of this. ; bhikkhunā=monk who declared the superhuman state. ; āgamana paṭipadā=the path of practice for arriving at the superhuman state. ; sodhetabbā=should be clarified. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If his path of practice is not pure, he should be dismissed, saying, 'A supramundane state cannot be obtained by this practice.'

AI Translation Nissaya

bhāgamana paṭipadā=The path of practice for arriving. ; yadi na sujjhati=if it is not pure. ; "imāya paṭipadāya=By this practice. ; lokuttaradhammo nāma=what is called a supramundane state. ; na labbhati=cannot be obtained. ; iti=having said thus. ; apanetabbo=he should be dismissed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if his path of practice is pure, and it is apparent that for a long time he has been dwelling heedfully in the three trainings, engaged in wakefulness, unattached to the four requisites, and dwelling with a mind as unattached as one's hand in the air, then that monk's declaration aligns with his practice.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Apart from dismissing him if the path of practice is impure, if it is pure, this should still be done:. ; assa=of that monk who declared the superhuman state. ; āgamana paṭipadā=the path of practice for arriving at the superhuman state. ; yadi sujjhati=if it is pure. ; dīgharattaṃ=for a long time, day and night. ; tīsu=in the three. ; sikkhāsu=trainings, beginning with higher virtue. ; appamatto=being heedful. ; vihara tīti=he dwells, and also. ; jāgari yamanuyutto=being constantly engaged in wakefulness. ; viharatīti=he dwells, and also. ; catūsu=to the four. ; paccayesu=requisites, beginning with robes. ; alaggo=being unattached. ; ākāse=in the sky. ; pāṇisamena cetasā pāṇi samacitto hutvā=having a mind like one's hand (i.e., detached). ; viharatīti=he dwells, and also. ; yadi paññāyati=if this becomes apparent. ; tassa bhikkhuno=of that monk who declared the superhuman state. ; byākaraṇaṃ=his declaration. ; paripadāya=with his practice. ; saddhiṃ=together. ; yadi saṃsandati=if it aligns. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It is similar to what was said: 'Just as the water of the Ganges mixes and joins with the water of the Yamunā, so too the path leading to Nibbāna, well-proclaimed by the Blessed One for his disciples, aligns; Nibbāna and the path align.'

AI Translation Nissaya

"gaṅgodakaṃ=The water of the Ganges. ; yamunodakena=with the water of the Yamunā. ; saddhiṃ=together. ; saṃsandati sameti seyyathāpi nāma=just as it mixes and joins. ; evameva=in the same way. ; tena bhagavatā=by that Blessed One. ; sāvakānaṃ=for his disciples. ; supaññattā=well-proclaimed. ; nibbānagāminī=leading to Nibbāna. ; paṭipadā=the path. ; saṃsandati=will align. ; sameti=will join. ; saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadācā" ti ettha=in the sutta which says, 'Nibbāna and the path align'. ; vuttasadisaṃ=is similar to what was said. ; yadi hoti=if it is so. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And yet, even with this, honor should not be given.

AI Translation Nissaya

api cakho=Even though it is so. ; ettakenapi=merely by this purity of the path of practice. ; sakkāro=honor. ; na kātabbo=should not yet be given. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Why?

AI Translation Nissaya

kasmā=Why is that?. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For the practice of a certain monk, though he is a worldling, can be similar to the practice of one whose cankers are destroyed. Therefore, that monk should be frightened by these various means.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason that honor and respect should not yet be given merely because the path of practice is pure is this:. ; puthujanassapi sato=even though he is a worldling. ; ekaccassa=of a certain monk. ; paṭipadā=his practice. ; khīṇāsavassa=of one whose cankers are destroyed. ; paṭipatti sadisā=is similar to the practice. ; paṭipatti=practice. ; hoti=is. ; tasmā=Therefore, because honor should not yet be given just because the path of practice is pure. ; so bhikkhu=that monk with a pure path of practice. ; tehi tehi upāyehi=by these various means that cause fright. ; uttāsetabbo=should be frightened. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For one whose cankers are destroyed, even if a thunderbolt were to fall on his head, there is no fear, stiffness, or hair-raising; but for a worldling, it happens even with a small thing.

AI Translation Nissaya

khīṇāsavassa nāma=For one whose cankers are destroyed. ; matthate=on his head. ; asaniyā=a thunderbolt. ; patamānāyapi=even if it were to fall. ; bhayaṃ vā=fear, or. ; patamānāyapi=even if it were to fall. ; bhayaṃ vā=fear, or. ; chambhi bhatthaṃ vā=stiffness, trembling, etc., or. ; lomahaṃ sovā=hair-raising. ; na hoti=does not occur. ; puthujjanassa=For a worldling. ; appamattakenapi=even by a small thing. ; hoti=it occurs. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In this connection, there are these stories: The elder Abhaya, the Dīgha-reciter, being unable to test a certain alms-round-faring elder himself, reportedly gave a sign to a young novice.

AI Translation Nissaya

tatra vacane=In that regard. ; imāni=these. ; vatthūni=are the stories. ; dīghabhāṇaka abhayatthero=the elder Abhaya, the Dīgha-reciter. ; ekaṃ=a certain. ; piṇḍapātikaṃ=alms-round-faring elder. ; pariggahetuṃ=in order to test him. ; asakkonto=being unable to do so himself. ; daharassa=to a young novice. ; saññaṃ=a sign. ; adāsi kira=he reportedly gave. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That novice dived under the water at the mouth of the Kalyāṇī river and seized the feet of that alms-round-faring elder who was bathing.

AI Translation Nissaya

so=That young novice. ; kalyāṇī nadī mukhadvāre=at the mouth of the Kalyāṇī river. ; nimujjitvā=having dived under the water. ; taṃ nahāyamānaṃ=of that alms-round-faring elder who was bathing. ; pāde=the feet. ; aggahesi=he seized. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The alms-round-faring elder, perceiving 'It's a crocodile!', let out a loud cry. Then they knew him to be a worldling.

AI Translation Nissaya

piṇḍapātiko=The alms-round-faring elder. ; "kumbhī so" ti saññāya=perceiving 'It's a crocodile!'. ; mahāsaddaṃ=a loud cry. ; akāsi=made. ; tadā=At that time. ; naṃ=that alms-round-faring elder. ; puthujjano ti=as a worldling. ; jāniṃ su=they knew him to be. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, in the time of King Candamukhatissa, the elder of the Sangha in the Mahāvihāra, who was one whose cankers are destroyed, had weak eyesight and stayed only in the monastery without going on alms-round.

AI Translation Nissaya

candamukhatissarājakāle pana=However, in the time of King Candamukhatissa. ; mahāvihāre=in the Mahāvihāra. ; vasanto=dwelling. ; (add). ; khīṇāsavo=who was one whose cankers were destroyed. ; saṅghatthero=the elder of the Sangha. ; dubbala cakkhuko=having weak eyesight. ; vā=or, being unable to see. ; vihāreyeva=only in the monastery. ; acchati=stayed, without going on alms-round. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The king, thinking, 'I will test the elder,' approached silently when the monks had gone for alms-round and, like a snake, seized his feet.

AI Translation Nissaya

rājā=the king. ; "theraṃ=the elder. ; pariggaṇhissāmi=I will test. ; iti=thus thinking. ; bhikkhūsu=when the monks. ; bhikkhācāraṃ=for alms-round. ; gatesu=had gone. ; app=making little sound. ; vā=or, silently. ; upasaṅkamitvā=approaching. ; sappoviya=like a snake. ; hutvā=being. ; pāde=the feet. ; aggahesi=he seized. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The elder, unmoving like a stone pillar, said, 'Who is there?'

AI Translation Nissaya

thero=The elder. ; silāthembho viya=like a stone pillar. ; niccalo=unmoving. ; vā=without trembling. ; hutvā=being. ; "hattha=in this place. ; ko=who is it? ; "iti=thus. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'It is I, venerable sir, Tissa.'

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sir. ; ahaṃ=I. ; tisso=am Tissa. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he said. ; thero=The elder. ; (add). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'You are very fragrant, Tissa,' (or, 'You are very playful, Tissa.')

AI Translation Nissaya

tissa=Tissa. ; no=you (plural/royal). ; sugantaṃ vāyasi=are very fragrant. ; vā=or, you are very playful. ; iti=thus. ; āha=he said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, for one whose cankers are destroyed, there is no such thing as fear.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; khīṇāsavassa=for an Arahant. ; bhayaṃ nāma=what is called fear. ; natthi=does not exist. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, a certain worldling may also be very brave and fearless.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=On the other hand. ; ekacco=a certain. ; puthujjanopi=worldling also. ; atisūro=is very brave. ; hoti=he is. ; nibbhayo=without fear. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

He should be tested with a delightful object.

AI Translation Nissaya

so=That monk. ; rajanīyena=by a delightful. ; ārammaṇena=object. ; pariggaṇhitabbo=should be tested. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

King Vasabha, wishing to test a certain elder, had him sit in the palace and sat in front of him, squeezing a ripe jujube fruit.

AI Translation Nissaya

vasabharājāpi=King Vasabha also. ; ekaṃ theraṃ=a certain elder. ; pariggaṇhamāno=wishing to test. ; ghare=in the palace. ; nisīdāpetvā=having made him sit. ; tassa=of that elder. ; santike=in front. ; badarasāḷavaṃ=a ripe jujube fruit. ; maddamāno=squeezing it. ; nisīdi=sat. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The great elder's saliva flowed; the elder's state of being a worldling became manifest.

AI Translation Nissaya

mahātherassa=of the great elder. ; vā=or. ; kheḷo=saliva. ; vā=or, drool. ; calito=flowed. ; therassa=of the elder. ; vā=or. ; puthujjanabhāvo=the state of being a worldling. ; āvibhūto=became manifest. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For in one whose cankers are destroyed, craving for tastes is well-abandoned; delight does not arise even in divine tastes. Therefore, having tested him by these means, if fear, stiffness, or craving for taste arises in him, he should be dismissed, saying, 'You are not an Arahant.'

AI Translation Nissaya

hi saccaṃ=Indeed. ; khiṇāsavassa=for one whose cankers are destroyed. ; rasataṇhā=craving for tastes. ; suppahīnā nāma=is called well-abandoned. ; dibbesu

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if he sits without fear, stiffness, or alarm, like a lion, and does not generate delight even towards a divine object, it should be known that this monk, whose declaration is accomplished, is worthy of the honor sent from all around by kings, royal ministers, and others.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Apart from being told 'You are not an Arahant' when fear, etc., arises after being frightened, this should be said when fear, etc., does not arise:. ; abhīru=without fear. ; acchambhī=without stiffness. ; anutrāsī=without alarm. ; hutvā=being. ; sīho vīya=like a lion. ; sace nisīdati=if he sits. ; dibbārammaṇepi=even towards a divine object. ; nikantiṃ=delight. ; sace na janeti=if he does not generate. ; ayaṃ bhikkhu=this monk who sits without fear, etc.. ; vā=or. ; sampannayyo karaṇo=having declared his accomplishment of the superhuman state. ; samantā=from all around. ; rājarāmajahāmattādīhi=by kings, royal ministers, and so on. ; pesitaṃ=sent. ; sakkāraṃ=honor. ; arahatīti=is worthy to receive, thus. ; veditabbo=he should be known. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, first of all, the declaration of a superhuman state should be decided.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; tāva=first. ; uttari manussadhammārocanaṃ=the declaration of a superhuman state—the state of jhāna of a person in jhāna or an Ariya person. ; vinicchinitabbaṃ=should be decided. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, one desiring skill in the entire legal decision of the Vinaya should know the fourfold Vinaya.

AI Translation Nissaya

sakale=in the entire. ; vinayavinicchaye=legal decision of the Vinaya. ; kosallaṃ=skill. ; patthayantena pana=by one desiring. ; catubbidho=the fourfold. ; vinayo=Vinaya. ; jānitabbo=should be known. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For the great elders of great power explained the fourfold Vinaya.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The proof that the fourfold Vinaya exists is this:. ; mahiddhikā=of great power. ; dhammasaṅgāhakā=the compilers of the three Piṭakas. ; mahātherā=the great elders. ; purā pubbe=in the past. ; catubbidhaṃ=the fourfold. ; vinayaṃ=Vinaya. ; nīharitvā=having brought forth. ; makāsetuṃ=explained. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is the fourfold Vinaya?

AI Translation Nissaya

catubbidhaṃ=The fourfold Vinaya. ; katamaṃ=what is it? ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The scripture, that which conforms to the scripture, the teaching of the teachers, and one's own opinion.

AI Translation Nissaya

suttaṃ=The scripture (Pāli). ; suttānulomaṃ=that which conforms to the scripture (the four Great Standards). ; ācariyāpādaṃ=the teaching of the teachers (the commentary, which is the view of the five hundred Arahants who held the council). ; attanomati=one's own opinion. ; iti=thus. ; catubbidhaṃ=it is fourfold. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Referring to this, it was said: 'By the direct text, O King, by the essence, by the lineage of teachers, by one's own intention.'

AI Translation Nissaya

yaṃ catubbidhavinayaṃ=This fourfold Vinaya. ; sandhāya=referring to. ; āhaccā dena kho mahārāja rasena ācariyavaṃsena adhippāyā" ti=as 'By the direct text, O King, by the essence, by the lineage of teachers, by one's own intention'. ; nāgasena therena=by the elder Nāgasena. ; vuttaṃ=was said. ; mahārāja=O great king. ; āhacca padena=by the direct text (Pāli). ; rasena=by the essence (the four Great Standards with their general characteristics). ; saha=together with. ; ācariyavaṃsena=by the lineage of teachers (the commentary handed down). ; adhippāyā=by one's own intention, which is 'one's own opinion'. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Here, 'direct text' refers to the scripture (Sutta).

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=In detail. ; ettha vacane=in this statement by the venerable Nāgasena. ; āhaccapadanti padena=by the term 'direct text'. ; suttaṃ=the Vinaya Pāli. ; adhippetaṃ=is meant. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Essence' refers to that which conforms to the scripture.

AI Translation Nissaya

rasobhipadena=By the term 'essence'. ; sutthānulomaṃ=that which conforms to the scripture, the four Great Standards. ; adhippetaṃ=is meant. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Lineage of teachers' refers to the teaching of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

ācariya vaṃsoti padena=By the term 'lineage of teachers'. ; ācariyavādo=the commentary established by the five hundred Arahants who held the council. ; adhippeto=is meant. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Intention' refers to one's own opinion.

AI Translation Nissaya

adhippāyoti padena=By the term 'intention'. ; attanomati=one's own opinion. ; adhippeto=is meant. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therein, what is called 'scripture' is the Pāli text in the entire Vinaya Piṭaka.

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha vacane=Therein, in that statement. ; suttaṃ nāma=what is called 'scripture'. ; sakale=in the entire. ; vinaya piṭake=Vinaya Piṭaka. ; pāḷi=is the Pāli text. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'that which conforms to the scripture' is the four Great Standards.

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Monks, whatever has not been rejected by me as 'this is not allowable,' if that conforms to what is unallowable and obstructs what is allowable, that is not allowable for you.'

AI Translation Nissaya

"bhikkhave=Monks. ; mayā=by me. ; idaṃ kammaṃ=this action. ; na kappatīti=as 'it is not allowable'. ; appaṭikkhittaṃ=is not rejected. ; taṃ kammaṃ=that action. ; ce=if. ; akappiyaṃ=what is not allowable. ; anulometi=it conforms to. ; kappiyaṃ=what is allowable. ; paṭibāhati=it obstructs. ; taṃ kammaṃ=that action. ; vo tumhākaṃ=for you. ; na kappati=is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Monks, whatever has not been rejected by me as 'this is not allowable,' if that conforms to what is allowable and obstructs what is unallowable, that is allowable for you.'

AI Translation Nissaya

bhikkhave=Monks. ; yaṃ kammaṃ=whatever action. ; mayā=by me. ; idaṃ kammaṃ=this action. ; na kappatīti=as 'it is not allowable'. ; appaṭikkhittaṃ=is not rejected. ; taṃ kammaṃ=that action. ; ce=if. ; kappiyaṃ=what is allowable. ; anulometi=it conforms to. ; akappiyaṃ=what is not allowable. ; paṭibāhati=it obstructs. ; taṃ kammaṃ=that action. ; vo tumhākaṃ=for you. ; kappati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Monks, whatever has not been permitted by me as 'this is allowable,' if that conforms to what is unallowable and obstructs what is allowable, that is not allowable for you.'

AI Translation Nissaya

bhikkhave=Monks. ; yaṃ kammaṃ=whatever action. ; mayā=by me. ; "idaṃ kammaṃ=this action. ; kappatīti=as 'it is allowable'. ; ananuññātaṃ=has not been permitted. ; taṃ kammaṃ=that action. ; ce=if. ; akappiyaṃ=what is not allowable. ; anulometi=it conforms to. ; kappiyaṃ=what is allowable. ; paṭibāhati=it obstructs. ; taṃ kammaṃ=that action. ; votumhākaṃ=for you. ; na kappati=is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

'Monks, whatever has not been permitted by me as 'this is allowable,' if that conforms to what is allowable and obstructs what is unallowable, that is allowable for you.'

AI Translation Nissaya

bhikkhave=Monks. ; yaṃ kammaṃ=whatever action. ; mayā=by me. ; "idaṃ kammaṃ=this action. ; kappatī" ti=as 'it is allowable'. ; ananuññātaṃ=has not been permitted. ; taṃ kammaṃ=that action. ; ce=if. ; kappiyaṃ=what is allowable. ; anulometi=it conforms to. ; akappiyaṃ=what is not allowable. ; paṭibāhati=it obstructs. ; taṃ kammaṃ=that action. ; vo tumhākaṃ=for you. ; kappati=is allowable. ; iti evaṃ=thus. ; bhagavatā=by the Blessed One. ; ye cattāro mahāpadesā=these four Great Standards. ; vuttā=were spoken. ; te cattāro mahāpadesā=these four Great Standards. ; suttānulomaṃ nāma=are called 'that which conforms to the scripture'. ; honti=they are. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'the teaching of the teachers' is the lineage of the commentary, established by the five hundred Arahants who were the compilers of the Dhamma, separate from the Pāli text and proceeding as a distinct legal decision.

AI Translation Nissaya

ācariya vādo nāma=What is called 'the teaching of the teachers'. ; dhammasaṅgāha kehi=by the compilers of the Sutta, Abhidhamma, and Vinaya. ; pañcahi arahattasatehi=by the five hundred Arahants. ; ṭhapitvā=was established. ; pāḷivinimuttā=being separate from the Pāli text. ; okkanta vinicchayappavattā=proceeding as a distinct legal decision. ; aṭṭhakathā tanti=is the lineage of the commentary. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'one's own opinion' is a statement of an idea that has occurred through inference, according to one's own understanding and by grasping a method, setting aside the scripture, that which conforms to the scripture, and the teaching of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

attanemati nāma=What is called 'one's own opinion'. ; sutta suttā nulomaācariyavāde=the Pāli, the Great Standards, and the commentary. ; muñcitvā=setting aside. ; anumānena=by inference. ; attano=one's own. ; anubuddhiyā=according to one's own understanding. ; vā=or, by the wisdom that accords with the Pāli etc.. ; nayaggāyena=by grasping a method. ; upaṭṭhitākārakathanaṃ=is the statement of an idea that has occurred. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Moreover, all the teachings of the elders that have come down in the commentaries to the Sutta, Abhidhamma, and Vinaya are called 'one's own opinion'.

AI Translation Nissaya

apica=Moreover. ; suttantābhidhammavinayaṭṭhakathāsu=in the commentaries to the Sutta, Abhidhamma, and Vinaya. ; āgato=which has come down. ; sabbopi=all. ; theravādo=the teaching of the elders. ; attanomati nāma=is called 'one's own opinion'. ; (Meaning: The views of elders such as Tipiṭaka Cūḷanāga, Tipiṭaka Cūlābhaya, Morivāpivāsī Tissa, Datta, Mahāpaduma, Mahāsumatthera, etc., are called 'one's own opinion'). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But when speaking based on one's own opinion, one should not speak with a dogmatic grasp; one should speak having considered the reason and having reconciled the Pāli with the meaning, and the meaning with the Pāli. One's own opinion should be measured against the teaching of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Now, to show the strength and weakness of the four sources starting with the Sutta. ; taṃ attanomatiṃ=that 'one's own opinion'. ; gahetvā=taking. ; kathentena=one who speaks. ; daḷhaggāhaṃ=a firm grasp. ; gahetvā=taking. ; na voharitabbaṃ=should not speak. ; kāraṇaṃ=the reason. ; sallakkhetvā=having considered. ; atthena=with the meaning. ; vā=or, with the commentary. ; pāḷiṃ=the Pāli. ; pāḷiyā ca=and with the Pāli. ; atthaṃ=the meaning. ; saṃsanditvā=having reconciled. ; kathetabbaṃ=should speak. ; attanomati=One's own opinion. ; ācariyavāde=in the teaching of the teachers (commentary). ; okāratabbā=should be placed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it fits and agrees with it, it should be accepted.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; tattha=in that commentary. ; otarati ceva=it fits and. ; sameti ca=it agrees. ; gahetabbā=it should be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it neither fits nor agrees, it should not be accepted.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; neva hatarati=it does not fit. ; na sameti=and it does not agree. ; na gahetabbā=it should not be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For this, which is called 'one's own opinion,' is the weakest of all; the teaching of the teachers is stronger than one's own opinion.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason why one's own opinion should be measured against the teaching of the teachers is this:. ; ayaṃ attano mati nāma=this, which is called one's own opinion. ; sabbadubbalā=is the weakest of all. ; attanomatibho=Than one's own opinion. ; ācariyavādo=the teaching of the teachers (the commentary). ; basavataro=is stronger. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The teaching of the teachers should also be measured against that which conforms to the scripture.

AI Translation Nissaya

ācariyavādopi=The teaching of the teachers also. ; suttānulome=in that which conforms to the scripture (the Great Standards). ; okāretabbo=should be placed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Only if it fits and agrees with them should it be accepted; otherwise, it should not be accepted.

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=in those Great Standards. ; oharantoeva=only if it fits. ; tamento eva=only if it agrees. ; gahetabbo=should it be accepted. ; itaro=That which does not fit or agree. ; nalexemeTable=should not be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For that which conforms to the scripture is stronger than the teaching of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason the teaching of the teachers should be measured against that which conforms to the scripture is this:. ; ācariya vādato=Than the teaching of the teachers. ; suttānulomaṃ=that which conforms to the scripture. ; balavataraṃ=is stronger. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That which conforms to the scripture should also be measured against the scripture.

AI Translation Nissaya

suttanulomampi=That which conforms to the scripture also. ; sutte=in the scripture (Pāli). ; otāre tabbaṃ=should be placed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Only if it fits and agrees with it should it be accepted; otherwise, it should not be accepted.

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha sutte=in that Pāli. ; otarantaṃ eva=only if it fits. ; yamentameva=only if it agrees. ; gahetabbaṃ=should it be accepted. ; itaraṃ=That which does not fit or agree. ; na gahetabbaṃ=should not be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For the scripture itself is stronger than that which conforms to the scripture.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason that which conforms to the scripture should be measured against the scripture is this:. ; suttānusomate=than that which conforms to the scripture. ; suttameva=the scripture itself. ; basava taraṃ=is stronger. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For the scripture is incontrovertible, like the Sangha that performed the council, and like the time when the Buddhas were present.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=The reason the scripture is stronger than that which conforms to the scripture is this:. ; suttaṃ=The scripture (Pāli). ; appaṭivattiyaṃ=cannot be contradicted. ; vā=or, cannot be altered. ; kārakasaṅghasadisaṃ=is like the Sangha that performed the council. ; puddhānaṃ=of the Buddhas. ; ṭhitakāsasadisaṃ=is like the time when they were present. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, when two monks are discussing, the proponent of his own view speaks by taking the Sutta, and the proponent of the other view speaks by taking what is in conformity with the Suttas.

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmā=Therefore, because the Sutta is stronger. ; tadā=when. ; dve bhikkhū=two monks. ; sākacchanti=discuss. ; sakavādī=the proponent of his own view. ; sutta=the Sutta. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; paravādi=the proponent of the other view. ; suttānulomaṃ=what is in conformity with the Suttas. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Without showing contempt or censure to one another, they should compare what is in conformity with the Suttas to the Sutta itself.

AI Translation Nissaya

tehi bhikkhūhi=By those monks. ; aññamaññaṃ=to one another. ; khepaṃ vā=either contempt. ; vā=or. ; garahaṃ vā=or censure. ; akatvā=not having done. ; suttānulomaṃ=what is in conformity with the Suttas. ; sutte=to the Sutta. ; otāretabbaṃ=should be compared. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it conforms and agrees, it should be accepted. If not, it should not be accepted; one should stand only by the Sutta.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; otarati=it conforms. ; sameti=it agrees. ; gahetabbaṃ=it should be accepted. ; ce=if. ; no otarati=it does not conform. ; no sameti=it does not agree. ; nagahetabbaṃ=it should not be accepted. ; (Note: One who is accustomed to taking and speaking the correct meaning is called a *sakavādī*. A *paravādī* is one who, whether a resident of the Mahāvihāra or of another Nikāya, is accustomed to taking and speaking a distorted meaning, so it is said in the Ṭīkāvimativinodanī. In the Sāratthadīpanī, it is said that one who resides in another Nikāya is called a *paravādī*. The former statement is more reasonable.). ; suttasmiṃ yeva=only in the Sutta. ; ṭhātabbaṃ=one should stand. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, if this proponent of his own view speaks by taking the Sutta, and the other speaks by taking the doctrine of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha yadi=Then if. ; ayaṃ sakavādī=this proponent of his own view. ; suttaṃ=the Sutta. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; paro=the other. ; ācariyavādaṃ=the doctrine of the teachers (the commentary). ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

They also, without showing contempt or censure to one another, should compare the doctrine of the teachers to the Sutta.

AI Translation Nissaya

tehipi bhikkhūhi=By those monks also. ; aññamaññaṃ=to one another. ; khepaṃvā=either contempt. ; vā=or. ; garahaṃ vā=or censure. ; akatvā=not having done. ; ācariyavādo=the doctrine of the teachers. ; sutte=to the Sutta. ; otāretabbo=should be compared. ; (Note: To discard by saying "What is the use of these words? Is this your business?" is "khepa" (contempt). To censure by saying "What does this fool, this idiot, say?" is "garaha" (censure).). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it conforms and agrees, it should be accepted.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; otarati=it conforms. ; sameti=it agrees. ; gahetabbo=it should be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it does not conform and does not agree, and it is a blameworthy doctrine of the teachers, it should not be accepted; one should stand only by the Sutta.

AI Translation Nissaya

anotaranto=if it does not conform. ; asamento=and does not agree. ; gārayhācariyavādo ca=a blameworthy commentary produced through carelessness. ; vā=or a commentary established by teachers with different views. ; na gahetabbo=should not be accepted. ; suttasmiṃyeva=only in the Sutta. ; ṭhātabbaṃ=one should stand. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, if this proponent of his own view speaks by taking the Sutta, and the other speaks by taking his own opinion.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha=Then. ; vā=if not so. ; ayaṃ sakavādī=this proponent of his own view. ; suttaṃ=the Sutta. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; paro=the other. ; attano matiṃ=his own opinion. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

They also, without showing contempt or censure to one another, should compare one's own opinion to the Sutta.

AI Translation Nissaya

tehipi=they also. ; aññamaññaṃ=one another. ; khepaṃ vā=either contempt. ; vā=or. ; garahaṃ vā=or censure. ; akatvā=not having done. ; attanomati=one's own opinion. ; sutte=to the Sutta. ; otāretabbā=should be compared. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it conforms and agrees, it should be accepted. If not, it should not be accepted; one should stand only by the Sutta.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace otarati=if it conforms. ; sace sameti=if it agrees. ; gahetabbā=it should be accepted.‌ ; no ce sameti=if it does not agree. ; na gahetabbā=it should not be accepted. ; suttasmiṃ yeva=only in the Sutta. ; ṭhātabbaṃ=one should stand. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, if this proponent of his own view speaks by taking what is in conformity with the Suttas, and the other speaks by taking the Sutta, the Sutta should be compared to what is in conformity with the Suttas.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha=Then. ; ayaṃ sakavādī=this proponent of his own view. ; suttānulomaṃ=what is in conformity with the Suttas. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; paro=the other. ; suttaṃ=the Sutta. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; suttaṃ=the Sutta of the other proponent. ; suttānulome=to the Mahāpadesa (great references). ; otāretabbaṃ=should be compared. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it conforms and agrees, and it is perceived as being included in the Pāḷi that was recited at the three councils, it should be accepted. If it is not perceived thus, does not conform, and does not agree, or it is an external sutta or a verse, or another blameworthy sutta brought from one of the Guḷha Vessantara, Guḷha Vinaya, Guḷha Vedalla, etc., it should not be accepted; one should stand only by what is in conformity with the Suttas.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace otarati=If it conforms. ; sace sameti=if it agrees. ; tisso saṅgītiyo=to the three councils. ; āruḷhaṃ pāḷiāgataṃ=and is understood to be included in the Pāḷi text. ; paññāyati=it is perceived. ; gahetabbaṃ=it should be accepted. ; ce=If. ; tathā=thus. ; no paññāyati=it is not perceived. ; na otarati=it does not conform. ; na sameti=it does not agree. ; bāhirakasuttaṃ vā=or it is an external sutta. ; hoti=it is. ; siloko vā=or it is a verse. ; hoti=it is. ; aññaṃ vā=or another. ; guḷha vessantaraguḷhapinayavedallādīnaṃ=from among the Guḷha Vessantara, Guḷha Vinaya, Guḷha Vedalla, etc. ; aññatarato=from one or the other. ; ābhataṃ=brought. ; gārayhasuttaṃ=blameworthy sutta. ; hoti=it is. ; na gahetabbaṃ=it should not be accepted. ; suttānulomasmiṃ yeva=only in what conforms with the suttas. ; ṭhātabbaṃ=one should stand. ; (Note: In *vedallādīnaṃ*, "etc." includes suttas like the Guḷha Ummagga. The Mahāsaṅghika Nikāya refers to the monks of the Vajji country who were expelled by the seven hundred Arahants of the Second Council, led by the Venerable Yasa Thera. Those monks were descendants of the teacher named Mahāsaṅghika. Ten thousand monks gathered and held a council. The Guḷha Vessantara and so on are the suttas established by those Mahāsaṅghika teachers; it is meant that they are not the authentic Pāḷi spoken by the Buddha.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, if this proponent of his own view speaks by taking what is in conformity with the Suttas, and the other speaks by taking the doctrine of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

athayadi=Then if. ; ayaṃ sakavādī=this proponent of his own view. ; suttānulomaṃ=the Mahāpadesa. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; paro=the other. ; ācariyavādaṃ=the doctrine of the teachers (the commentary). ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The doctrine of the teachers should be compared to what is in conformity with the Suttas.

AI Translation Nissaya

ācariyavādo=The doctrine of the teachers. ; suttānulome=to the Mahāpadesa. ; otāretabbo=should be compared. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it conforms and agrees, it should be accepted.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; otarati=it conforms. ; sameti=it agrees. ; gahetabbo=it should be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If not, it should not be accepted; one should stand only by what is in conformity with the Suttas.

AI Translation Nissaya

ce=If. ; no otarati=it does not conform. ; no sameti=it does not agree. ; na gahetabbo=it should not be accepted. ; suttānulomeyeva=only in what conforms with the suttas. ; ṭhātabbaṃ=one should stand. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, if this proponent of his own view speaks by taking what is in conformity with the Suttas, and the other speaks by taking his own opinion.

AI Translation Nissaya

athayadi=Then if. ; ayaṃ sakavādī=this proponent of his own view. ; suttānulomaṃ=what is in conformity with the Suttas. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; paro=the other. ; attanomatiṃ=his own opinion. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; kathesi=speaks. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

One's own opinion should be compared to what is in conformity with the Suttas.

AI Translation Nissaya

attano mati=One's own opinion. ; suttānulome=to what is in conformity with the Suttas. ; otāretabbā=should be compared. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it conforms and agrees, it should be accepted.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; otarati=it conforms. ; sace sameti=if it agrees. ; gahetabbā=it should be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If not, it should not be accepted; one should stand only by what is in conformity with the Suttas.

AI Translation Nissaya

ce=If. ; no otarati=it does not conform. ; no sameti=it does not agree. ; na gahetabbā=it should not be accepted. ; suttānulomeyeva=only in what conforms with the suttas. ; ṭhātabbaṃ=one should stand. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, if this proponent of his own view speaks by taking the doctrine of the teachers, and the other speaks by taking the Sutta.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha=Then. ; ayaṃ sakavādī=this proponent of his own view. ; ācariyavādaṃ=the doctrine of the teachers. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; paro=the other. ; suttaṃ=the Sutta. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Sutta should be compared to the doctrine of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; suttaṃ=the Sutta. ; ācariyavāde=to the doctrine of the teachers. ; otāretabbaṃ=should be compared. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it conforms and agrees, it should be accepted.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; otarati=it conforms. ; sameti=it agrees. ; gahetabbaṃ=it should be accepted. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The other, blameworthy Sutta should not be accepted; one should stand only by the doctrine of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

itaraṃ=The other, which neither conforms nor agrees. ; gārayhasuttaṃ=a blameworthy Sutta not included in the Councils. ; na gahetabbaṃ=should not be accepted. ; ācariyavādeyeva=only in the doctrine of the teachers. ; ṭhātabbaṃ=one should stand. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, if this proponent of his own view speaks by taking the doctrine of the teachers, and the other speaks by taking what is in conformity with the Suttas.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha=Then. ; ayaṃ=this proponent of his own view. ; ācariyavādaṃ=the doctrine of the teachers. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; paro=the other. ; suttānulomaṃ=what is in conformity with the Suttas. ; gahetvā=having taken. ; katheti=speaks. ; suttānulomaṃ=what is in conformity with the Suttas. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is in conformity with the Suttas should be compared to the doctrine of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya

ācariyavāde=to the doctrine of the teachers. ; otāretabbaṃ=should be compared. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It should be accepted only if it conforms and agrees; the other should not be accepted. One should stand only by the doctrine of the teachers.

AI Translation Nissaya