AI Translation based on Nissaya

156. Here, regarding 'sīmā' (boundary), this so-called sīmā is of two kinds: a fixed boundary (baddhasīmā) and an unfixed boundary (abaddhasīmā).

AI Translation Nissaya

156. **sīmā**ti ettha=Regarding "sīmā" here. ; attho=the meaning. ; evaṃ=thus. ; veditabbo=should be known. ; esā sīmā nāma=this which is called a boundary (sīmā). ; baddhasīmā=a fixed boundary. ; abaddhasīmā=and an unfixed boundary. ; iti iminā padena=thus by this term. ; duvidhā=is of two kinds. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Among them, a boundary that is formally agreed upon after avoiding the eleven defective boundaries, endowed with the threefold accomplishment, and established by connecting one landmark to another, is called a 'fixed boundary' (baddhasīmā).

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=Among them. ; ekādasa=eleven. ; vipattisīmāyo=defective boundaries. ; atikkamitvā=having avoided. ; tividhasampattiyuttā=endowed with the threefold accomplishment. ; nimittena=with a landmark. ; nimittaṃ=a landmark. ; bandhitvā=having connected. ; sammatā=formally agreed upon. ; sīmā=a boundary. ; **baddhasīmā** nāma=is called a 'fixed boundary'. ; (Note: To elaborate on this, he will speak of "atikhuddakā", etc.). ; hi vittārayissami=I will explain this in detail. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A boundary that is too small, one that is too large, one with a broken landmark, one with a shadow as a landmark, one with no landmark, one established while standing outside the boundary, one established in a river, one established in the sea, one established in a natural lake, one established by connecting with another's boundary, and one established by overlapping another's boundary—because it is said, 'Acts performed within a boundary fail on account of these eleven factors,' these are called 'defective boundaries' (vipattisīmāyo).

AI Translation Nissaya

atikhuddakā=A boundary that is too small. ; atimahatī=a boundary that is too large. ; khaṇḍanimittā=a boundary with a broken landmark. ; (Note: Also, a boundary with a severed landmark). ; chāyānimittā=a boundary with a shadow as a landmark. ; animittā=a boundary with no landmark. ; bahisīme=outside the boundary. ; ṭhitasammatā=a boundary established while standing. ; nadiyā=in a river. ; sammatā=a boundary established. ; samudde=in the sea. ; sammatā=a boundary established. ; jātassare=in a natural lake, so-called jātassara. ; sammatā=established. ; sīmāya=with one's own boundary. ; simaṃ=another's boundary. ; sambhindantena=by connecting. ; sammatā=established. ; sīmāya=with one's own boundary. ; simaṃ=another's boundary. ; ajjhottharantena=by overlapping. ; sammatā=established. ; iti imā sīmāyo=these eleven kinds of boundaries. ; (Note: This connects to `vipattisīmāyo`. Some Nissaya teachers, not considering `hi` as elaborative, change `imā hi` to `imehi` to align it with the Pāḷi text `imehi ekādasahi ākārehi`. Such a connection does not agree with the sub-commentary's statement "imā vipattisīmāyo nāmāti sambandho", nor is it logically sound; it is merely the preference of those teachers.). ; ekādasahi ākārehi sīmato kammāni vipajjantīti=Because it is said that "acts proceeding from a boundary are ruined". ; vacanato=due to the saying. ; vipattisīmāyo nāma=they are called 'defective boundaries'. ; pāḷitoanakakāḥ-ekādasahi=by the eleven. ; ākārehi=ways. ; sīmato=because of the boundary. ; kammāni=the acts. ; vipajjanti=are ruined. ; (Note: The meaning is that due to eleven reasons the boundary is ruined, and because the boundary is ruined, the acts performed in that boundary are ruined. This is a causal sequence.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Among these, 'a boundary that is too small' is one where twenty-one monks are not able to sit in a circle.

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=Among those eleven boundaries. ; **atikhuddakā** nāma=What is called 'a boundary that is too small' is. ; yattha=where. ; ekavisati bhikkhū=twenty-one monks. ; pariṇḍelākārena=in a circle. ; (Note: Add). ; nisīdituṃ=to sit. ; na sakkonti=are not able. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'a boundary that is too large' is one which is established exceeding three yojanas, even by a hair's tip.

AI Translation Nissaya

yā=That boundary. ; atikhuddakā nāma=is called `atikhuddakā`. ; (Note: A concluding reference). ; **atimahatī** nāma=what is called 'a boundary that is too large' is. ; antamaso=at least. ; yā=which boundary. ; tesaggamattenapi=even by a hair's tip. ; tiyojanaṃ=three yojanas. ; atikkamitvā=having exceeded. ; sammatā=is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'a boundary with a broken landmark' is said to be a boundary with an unconnected landmark.

AI Translation Nissaya

sā=That boundary. ; atimahatī nāma=is called `atimahatī`. ; **khaṇḍanimittā** nāma=what is called 'a boundary with a broken landmark' is. ; aghaṭitanimittā=a boundary with an unconnected landmark. ; vuccati=is said to be. ; (Note: To explain this by way of vyatireka (contrast), he says "puratthimāya", etc.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It is proper to establish the boundary by announcing the landmark in the eastern direction, then in sequence announcing the landmarks in the southern, western, and northern directions, and then again announcing the previously announced landmark in the eastern direction. In this way, it becomes a boundary with an unbroken landmark.

AI Translation Nissaya

puratthimāya disāya=in the eastern direction. ; nimittaṃ=the landmark. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; anukkamena=in sequence. ; dakkhiṇāya disāya=in the southern direction. ; nimittaṃ=the landmark. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; pacchimāya disāya=in the western direction. ; nimittaṃ=the landmark. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; uttarāya disāya=in the northern direction. ; nimittaṃ=the landmark. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; puna=again. ; puratthimāya disāya=in the eastern direction. ; pubbakittitaṃ=the previously announced landmark. ; paṭikittetvā=having announced again. ; ṭhapetuṃ=to establish it. ; vaṭṭati=is proper. ; evaṃ=Thus, when announced in this way. ; akhaṇḍanimittā=it becomes a boundary with an unbroken landmark. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If, however, having announced the landmarks in sequence, one stops after announcing the landmark in the northern direction, it becomes what is called 'a boundary with a broken landmark'.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=If, however. ; anukkamena=in sequence. ; āharitvā=having brought it around. ; uttarāya disāya=in the northern direction. ; nimittaṃ=the landmark. ; kattetvā=having announced. ; tattheva=right there in that northern direction. ; ṭhapeti=one stops. ; khaṇḍanimittā nāma=it becomes what is called 'a boundary with a broken landmark'. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Another kind of 'boundary with a broken landmark' is one that is established by making a single landmark in between out of something unsuitable as a landmark, such as a tree with its strength in its bark, a tree stump, or a heap of earth or sand.

AI Translation Nissaya

aparāpi=Another kind of. ; **khaṇḍanimittā** nāma='a boundary with a broken landmark' is. ; yā=which boundary. ; animittupagaṃ=unsuitable as a landmark. ; tacasāra rukkhaṃ vā=a tree with its strength in its bark. ; (Note: Such as a palm or coconut tree.). ; khāṇukaṃ vā=or a tree stump. ; paṃsupuñjānaṃ vālukapuñjānaṃ=among heaps of earth or heaps of sand. ; (Note: Some texts have `paṃsupuñjaṃ vā vālukapuñjaṃ vā`, which does not agree with the sub-commentary). ; aññataraṃ vā=or one or the other. ; antarā=in between. ; ekanimittaṃ=as one landmark. ; katvā=having made. ; sammatā=is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'a boundary with a shadow as a landmark' is a boundary established by using any kind of shadow, such as the shadow of a mountain, as a landmark.

AI Translation Nissaya

sā=That boundary. ; khaṇḍanimittā nāma=is called `khaṇḍanimittā`. ; **chāyānimittā** nāma=what is called 'a boundary with a shadow as a landmark' is. ; pabbatachāyādīnaṃ=among shadows of mountains, etc. ; yaṃ kiñci=any. ; chāyaṃ=shadow. ; nimittaṃ=as a landmark. ; katvā=having made. ; sammatā=a boundary that is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'a boundary with no landmark' is one that is established without announcing any landmarks at all.

AI Translation Nissaya

**animittā** nāma=what is called 'a boundary with no landmark' is. ; sabbena sabbaṃ=altogether. ; nimittāni=landmarks. ; akittetvā=without announcing. ; sammatā=one that is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'a boundary established while standing outside' is a boundary that is established by someone standing outside the landmarks after they have been announced.

AI Translation Nissaya

**bahisīme**=Outside the boundary. ; **ṭhitasammatā** nāma=what is called 'a boundary established while standing' is. ; nimittāni=the landmarks. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; nimittānaṃ=of the landmarks. ; bahi=outside. ; ṭhitena=by one standing. ; sammatā=one that is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'a boundary established in a river, in the sea, or in a natural lake' is one that is established in these places like a river and so on.

AI Translation Nissaya

**nadiyā**=in a river. ; **samudde**=in the sea. ; **jātassare**=in a natural lake. ; **sammatā** nāma=what is called 'an established boundary' is. ; etesu nadī ādīsu=in these, a river, etc. ; sammātā=one that is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, although such a boundary is established, because of the saying, 'O monks, every river is not a boundary, every sea is not a boundary, every natural lake is not a boundary,' it is in fact not established.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=Indeed, it is fitting. ; sā=That boundary. ; evaṃ=thus. ; sammatāpi=although established. ; “bhikkhave=O monks. ; sabbā=every. ; nadī=river. ; asīmā=is not a boundary. ; sabbo=every. ; samuddo=sea. ; asimo=is not a boundary. ; sabbo=every. ; jātassaro=natural lake. ; asīmo=is not a boundary.”. ; iti vacanato=because of this saying. ; asammatāva=it is indeed not established. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'a boundary established by connecting with another boundary' is one that is established by connecting one's own boundary with the boundary of others.

AI Translation Nissaya

**sīmāya**=with a boundary. ; **sīmaṃ**=a boundary. ; **sambhindantena**=by connecting. ; **sammatā** nāma=what is called 'established' is. ; attano=one's own. ; sīmāya=with a boundary. ; paresaṃ=of others. ; simaṃ=a boundary. ; sambhindantena=by connecting. ; sammatā=one that is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For if, to the east of an old monastery, there are a mango tree and a rose-apple tree with their branches intertwined, and of these two, the rose-apple tree is on the western side of the mango tree, and the monastery boundary is fixed by announcing the mango tree as a landmark, thereby including the rose-apple tree inside.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi vitthāyissāmi=I will explain this in detail. ; (Note: Or, `hi`, I will make it clear). ; porāṇakassa=of the old. ; viharassa=monastery. ; puratthimāya disāya=in the eastern direction. ; ambo ceva=a mango tree. ; jambu ca=and a rose-apple tree. ; iti=thus. ; dve rukkhā=two trees. ; aññamaññaṃ=with one another. ; saṃsaṭṭhaviṭapā=have their branches intertwined. ; sace honti=if they are. ; tesu=among those two trees. ; ambassa=of the mango tree. ; pacchimadisābhāge=on the western side. ; jambu=the rose-apple tree. ; hoti=is. ; vihārasīmā ca=and the monastery boundary. ; jambuṃ=the rose-apple tree. ; antokatvā=having included inside. ; ambaṃ=the mango tree. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; baddhā=is fixed. ; hoti=is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then later, when a monastery is built to the east of that monastery, if the monks fixing the boundary include that mango tree inside and announce the rose-apple tree as the landmark, the boundary becomes connected with the other boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha pacchā=Then later. ; tassa vihāra=of that monastery. ; puratthimāya disāya=in the eastern direction. ; vihāre=a monastery. ; kate=when it is built. ; sīmaṃ=the boundary. ; bandhantā=those who are fixing. ; bhikkhū=the monks. ; taṃ ambaṃ=that mango tree. ; antokatvā=having included inside. ; jambuṃ=the rose-apple tree. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; bandhanti=if they fix it. ; sīmāya=with a boundary. ; simaṃ=a boundary. ; sambhinnā=is connected. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, if the boundary of the first-built monastery has not yet been established, the precinct of the boundary should be established.

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmā=Therefore. ; sace=if. ; paṭhamataraṃ=first. ; katassa vihārassa=of the built monastery. ; sīmā=the boundary. ; asammatā=is not yet established. ; hoti=is. ; sīmāya=of the boundary. ; upacāro=the precinct. ; ṭhapetabbo=should be established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it has been established, an intermediate space between the boundaries of at least one cubit's measure should be established.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; sammatā=it has been established. ; hoti=it is. ; pacchimakoṭiyā=at the very least. ; hatthamattā=of one cubit's measure. ; sīmantarikā=an intermediate space between boundaries. ; ṭhapetabbā=should be established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the Kurundī commentary it is said, "even a span's measure is proper," and in the Mahāpaccarī commentary, "even four finger-breadths is proper."

AI Translation Nissaya

**kurundiyaṃ**=In the Kurundī commentary. ; “vidatthimattampi=even a span's measure. ; vaṭṭati=is proper.”. ; **mahāpaccariyaṃ**=In the Mahāpaccarī commentary. ; “caturaṅgulamattampi=even four finger-breadths. ; vaṭṭati=is proper.”. ; iti=thus. ; vuttaṃ=it is said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And even a single tree can be the landmark for two boundaries.

AI Translation Nissaya

**eka**rukkhopi ca=And even a single tree. ; dvinnaṃ sīmānaṃ=of two boundaries. ; nimittaṃ=a landmark. ; hoti=can be. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, as that tree grows, it can cause a confusion of the two boundaries; therefore, it should not be done.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana tathāpi=However, even if it is so. ; so rukkho=that tree. ; vaḍḍhanto=when it grows. ; sīmasaṅkaraṃ=a confusion of the two boundaries. ; karoti=it can cause. ; tasmā=Therefore. ; na kātabbo=it should not be done. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

What is called 'a boundary established by overlapping another boundary' is one that is established by overlapping the boundary of others with one's own boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

**simāya**=with a boundary. ; **sīmaṃ**=a boundary. ; **ajjhottharantena**=by overlapping. ; **sammatā** nāma=what is called 'established' is. ; attano=one's own. ; sīmāya=with a boundary. ; paresaṃ=of others. ; simaṃ=a boundary. ; ajjhottharantena=by overlapping. ; sammatā=one that is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, if they establish their own boundary by including either the entirety of another's fixed boundary or a part of it, this is called 'overlapping a boundary with a boundary'.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=Indeed. ; sace=If. ; paresaṃ=of others. ; baddhasimaṃ=a fixed boundary. ; sakalaṃ vā=either in its entirety. ; tassā=of that fixed boundary. ; padesaṃ vā=or a part of it.‌ ; anto katvā=having included within. ; attano=one's own. ; simaṃ=boundary. ; sammannanti=they establish. ; sīmāya=with a boundary. ; simaṃ=a boundary. ; ajjhottharitā nāma=it is called 'overlapping'. ; hoti=it is. ; (Note: The difference between `sambhindaṇa` and `ajjhottharaṇa` is this: if an area is included where four monks cannot stand and perform a Sanghakamma, that is called `sambhindaṇa`. If an area larger than that is included, it is called `ajjhottharaṇa`. This is the difference.). ; iti imā ekādasa vipattisīmāyo=these eleven defective boundaries. ; atikkamitvā=having avoided. ; sammatā=an established boundary. ; baddhasīmā nāma=is called a 'fixed boundary'. ; (Note: Referring back to the previous Pāḷi text for the summary.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Furthermore, it is proper for bhikkhus to establish their boundary even inside by overlapping the boundary of the bhikkhunīs.

AI Translation Nissaya

pana=Furthermore. ; bhikkhunīnaṃ=of the bhikkhunīs. ; sīmaṃ=the boundary. ; ajjhottharitvā=having overlapped. ; antopi=even inside. ; bhikkhūnampi=of the bhikkhus also. ; sīmaṃ=a boundary. ; sammannatuṃ=to establish. ; vaṭṭati=is proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For the bhikkhunīs also, this is the same method regarding the boundary of the bhikkhus.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhikkhūnampi=of the bhikkhus also. ; sīmaṃ=the boundary. ; ajjhottharitvā=having overlapped. ; antopi=even inside. ; bhikkhūnīnaṃ=of the bhikkhunīs. ; sīmāya=in the boundary. ; eseva nayo=this is the same method. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, they do not complete the quorum for each other's formal acts, nor do they render a formal pronouncement incomplete for each other.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi saccaṃ=Indeed. ; te=those male monks and female monks. ; aññamaññassa=of one another. ; kamme=in a formal act. ; gaṇapūrakā=quorum-completers. ; na honti=they are not. ; vaggaṃ=incomplete. ; kammavācaṃ=a formal pronouncement. ; na karonti=they do not make. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, the boundary should be established by avoiding these eleven defective boundaries.

AI Translation Nissaya

iti=Thus. ; ekādasa=eleven. ; imā vipattisīmāyo=these defective boundaries. ; atikkamitvā=having avoided. ; sīmā=the boundary. ; sammannitabbā=should be established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

157. What is called 'endowed with the threefold accomplishment' is being endowed with the accomplishment of the landmark, the accomplishment of the assembly, and the accomplishment of the formal pronouncement.

AI Translation Nissaya

157. **tividhasampattiyuttā** nāma=what is called 'endowed with the threefold accomplishment' is. ; nimittasampattiyā ca=with the accomplishment of the landmark. ; parisasampattiyā ca=with the accomplishment of the assembly. ; kammavācāsampattiyā ca=and with the accomplishment of the formal pronouncement. ; yuttā=endowed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Among these, what is called 'endowed with the accomplishment of the landmark' means that, from among the eight declared landmarks—a mountain landmark, a rock landmark, a forest landmark, a tree landmark, a road landmark, an anthill landmark, a river landmark, and a water landmark—in each respective direction, having identified landmarks that are suitable as they are found, one asks, 'In the eastern direction, what is the landmark?'

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=Among those three. ; **nimittasampattiyā**=with the accomplishment of the landmark. ; **yuttā** nāma=what is called 'endowed' is. ; pabbatanimittaṃ=a mountain landmark. ; pāsāṇanimittaṃ=a rock landmark. ; vananimittaṃ=a forest landmark. ; rukkhanimittaṃ=a tree landmark. ; magganimittaṃ=a road landmark. ; dhammikanimittaṃ=an anthill landmark. ; nadīnimittaṃ=a river landmark. ; udakanimittaṃ=a water landmark. ; iti evaṃ=thus. ; vuttesu=spoken of. ; aṭṭhasu nimittesu=among the eight landmarks. ; tasmiṃ tasmiṃ disābhāge=in each respective direction. ; yathāladdhāni=as they are found. ; nimittupagāni=suitable as landmarks. ; nimittāni=the landmarks. ; (Note: Connects to `kittetvā`). ; “puratthi māya disāya=in the eastern direction. ; kiṃ nimittaṃ=what is the landmark?. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A mountain, venerable sir.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sir. ; pabbato=A mountain. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A boundary is established by properly announcing it with the method, 'This mountain is the landmark,' and so on.

AI Translation Nissaya

eso pabbato=This mountain. ; nimittaṃ=is the landmark.”. ; itiādinā nayena=by this method, etc. ; sammā kittetvā=having properly announced. ; sammatā=is a boundary that is established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Regarding this, this is the adjudication: the expert in Vinaya should ask, 'In the eastern direction, what is the landmark?'

AI Translation Nissaya

tatra tesu aṭṭhasu nimittesu=Among those eight landmarks. ; vā, tatra=or, in that matter of announcing landmarks. ; ayaṃ=this. ; vinicchayo=is the adjudication. ; vinayadharena=by the expert in Vinaya. ; “puratthimāya dissāya=in the eastern direction. ; kiṃ nimittaṃ=what is the landmark?”. ; iti=thus. ; pucchitabbaṃ=should be asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It should be said, 'A mountain, venerable sir.'

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sir. ; pabbato=A mountain. ; iti=thus. ; vattabbaṃ=should be said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

As for this, whether an ordained person or an unordained person announces it, it is indeed proper.

AI Translation Nissaya

idaṃ pana=As for this matter of announcing the landmark. ; upasampanno vā=whether an ordained person. ; ācikkhatu=announces it. ; anupasampānno vā=or an unordained person. ; ācikkhatu=announces it. ; vaṭatiyeva=it is indeed proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Again, the expert in Vinaya should announce the landmark thus: 'This mountain is the landmark.' However, it is not proper to announce it thus: 'We make this mountain the landmark,' 'We will make it the landmark,' 'The landmark is made,' 'Let it be the landmark,' 'It is the landmark,' or 'It will be the landmark.'

AI Translation Nissaya

puna=Again. ; vinayadharena=by the expert in Vinaya. ; “eso pabbato=This mountain. ; nimittaṃ=is the landmark.”. ; iti evaṃ=Thus. ; nimittaṃ=the landmark. ; kittetabbaṃ=should be announced. ; “etaṃ pabbataṃ=this mountain. ; nimittaṃ=as the landmark. ; karoma=we make. ; karissāma=we will make. ; nimittaṃ=the landmark. ; kato=is made. ; nimittaṃ=the landmark. ; hotu=let it be. ; hoti=it is. ; bhavissati=it will be.”. ; iti evaṃ pana=However, thus. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; navaṭṭati=is not proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is the same method for stones and so on.

AI Translation Nissaya

pāsāṇādīsupi=Also in the case of stones and so on. ; eseva nayo=This is the same method. ; (In this matter, there is a case without a verb. The saying, "A noun depends on a verb, a verb depends on a noun," and the saying, "There is no sentence without a verb," are general rules. In a few cases, it is evident that there can be a sentence without a verb.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the eastern direction, what is the boundary mark? In the intermediate eastern direction, what is the boundary mark? In the southern direction, what is the boundary mark? In the intermediate southern direction, what is the boundary mark? In the western direction, what is the boundary mark? In the intermediate western direction, what is the boundary mark? In the northern direction, what is the boundary mark? In the intermediate northern direction, what is the boundary mark?

AI Translation Nissaya

purattimāya disāya=In the eastern direction. ; kiṃ nimittaṃ=what is the boundary mark? ; puratthimāya anudisāya=In the intermediate eastern direction. ; kiṃ nimittaṃ=what is the boundary mark? etc. ; (The rest should be stated similarly for every marked boundary mark.) ; dakkhiṇāya disāya=In the southern direction, etc. ; dakkhiṇāya anudisāya=In the intermediate southern direction. ; pacchimāyadisāya=In the western direction, etc. ; pacchimāya anudilāya=In the intermediate western direction, etc. ; uttarāya disāya=In the northern direction. ; kiṃ nimittaṃ=what is the boundary mark? ; uttarāya anudisāya=In the intermediate northern direction. ; kiṃ nimittaṃ=what is the boundary mark? ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Venerable Sir, it is water.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable Sir. ; udakaṃ=It is water. ; (This is for the one waiting to hear.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It should be announced thus: 'This water is the boundary mark.'

AI Translation Nissaya

etaṃ udakaṃ=This water. ; nimittaṃ=is the boundary mark. ; iti=thus. ; nimittaṃ=the boundary mark. ; kittetabbaṃ=should be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Here, however, without stopping, one should ask again, "In the eastern direction, what is the boundary mark?"

AI Translation Nissaya

ettha pana=Here, in this northeast corner. ; aṭṭhapetvā=without stopping. ; puna=again. ; “puratthimāya disāya=in the eastern direction. ; kiṃ nimittaṃ=what is the boundary mark? ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Venerable Sir, it is a mountain.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable Sir. ; pabbato=It is a mountain. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, 'This mountain is the boundary mark,' one should establish the first-announced boundary mark only after announcing it.

AI Translation Nissaya

eso pabbato=This mountain. ; nimittaṃ=is the boundary mark.” ; iti evaṃ=Thus. ; paṭhamaṃ=first. ; kittibhanimittaṃ=the previously announced boundary mark. ; kittetvāva=only after having announced. ; ṭhapetabbaṃ=it should be established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For only in this way is a boundary mark connected with another boundary mark, and the boundary marks, even if announced only once, are indeed considered announced.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ hi evaṃ eva=Only when it is thus announced. ; nimittaṃ=a boundary mark. ; nimittena=with a boundary mark. ; ghaṭitaṃ=is connected. ; hoti=it is. ; nimittāni=The boundary marks. ; sakiṃ kittitānipi=even if announced only once. ; kittitāneva=are indeed considered announced. ; honti=they are. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, in the Andhakaṭṭhakathā it is said, "The boundary mark should be announced three times by the one establishing the boundary circle."

AI Translation Nissaya

**andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ** pana=However, in the Andhakaṭṭhakathā. ; “tikkhattuṃ=three times. ; sīmaṇḍelaṃ=the boundary circle. ; bandhantena=by one who is establishing. ; nimittaṃ=the boundary mark. ; kittetabbaṃ=should be announced.” ; iti=thus. ; vuttaṃ=it is said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

158. Now, the mountains and so on which are suitable as boundary marks should be known. A mountain is of three kinds: a pure earth mountain, a pure rock mountain, and a mountain mixed with both.

AI Translation Nissaya

158. idāni imasmiṃ kāle=Now, at this time. ; nimittupagāni=which are suitable for being boundary marks. ; pabbatādīnī=mountains and so on. ; veditabbāni=should be known. ; **pabbato**=A mountain. ; suddhapaṃsupabbato=a pure earth mountain. ; suddhapāsāṇapabbato=a pure rock mountain. ; ubhayakkhissako=and a mountain mixed with both earth and rock. ; iti=thus. ; tividho=is of three kinds. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

All three kinds are allowable, but a heap of sand is not allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

so tipidhopi=Those three kinds of mountains also. ; vaṭṭati=are allowable. ; vālikarāsi pana=But a heap of sand. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Furthermore, a mountain smaller than the size of an elephant is not allowable. From the size of an elephant up to the size of Mount Sineru is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

itaropi=The other three kinds of mountains also. ; hatthippamāṇo=below the size of an elephant, which has a length of seven and a half cubits. ; omakataro=a smaller mountain. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; hatthippamāṇato=From the size of an elephant. ; paṭṭhāya=beginning from. ; sinaruppamāṇopi=even if it is the size of Mount Sineru. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If there are four mountains in the four directions, or three mountains in three directions, it is allowable to authorize the boundary with four or three mountain boundary marks. However, it is not allowable to authorize it with two boundary marks, or with just one.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; catūsu disāsu vā=in the four directions. ; cattāro pabbatā=four mountains. ; honti=there are. ; tīsu vā disāsu=or in three directions. ; tayo pabbatā=three mountains. ; honti=there should be. ; catūhi=with four. ; pabbānimittahi vā=mountain boundary marks. ; tīhi=or with three. ; pabbatanimittehi vā=mountain boundary marks. ; sammannitumpi=to authorize. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; dvīhi pana nimittehi=But with two mountain boundary marks. ; na vaṭṭati=it is not allowable. ; ekena vā=or with a single mountain boundary mark. ; sammantituṃ=to authorize. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This same method applies to other cases, such as stone boundary marks and so on.

AI Translation Nissaya

ito varesu=Apart from these. ; pāsāṇanimittādisupi=also in the case of stone boundary marks and so on. ; eseva nayo=this is the same method. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Therefore, one who is making a mountain boundary mark should ask, "Is it a single, continuous entity, or not?"

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmā=Therefore. ; pabbatanimittaṃ=a mountain boundary mark. ; karontena=by one who is making. ; “ekābaddho=Is it a single continuous one?. ; na ekābaddho=Is it not a single continuous one?.” ; iti=thus. ; pucchitabbaṃ=it should be asked. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it is a single, continuous entity, it should not be made a boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; ekābaddho=it is a single continuous entity. ; hoti=it should be. ; na kātabbo=it should not be made. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is because even when announced in four or eight directions, it is considered as only one boundary mark having been announced. Therefore, for a mountain that stands encircling a monastery like a wheel, after announcing it in one direction, one should place that mountain outside the boundary in the other directions and announce other boundary marks inside.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi yasmā=Because. ; taṃ pabbabhanimittaṃ=that mountain boundary mark. ; catūsu vā disāsu=in the four directions. ; aṭṭhasu vā disāsu=or in the eight directions. ; kittentenapi=even when being announced. ; ekameva=only one. ; nimittaṃ=boundary mark. ; kittitaṃ=is announced. ; hoti=it is. ; tasmā=Therefore. ; yo=which. ; evaṃ့=thus. ; cakkasaṇṭhānena=with the shape of a wheel. ; vihārampi=the monastery. ; parikkhapitvā=having encircled. ; ṭṭhito=stands. ; pabbato=the mountain. ; taṃ pabbataṃ=that mountain. ; ekadisāya=in one direction. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; aññāsu=in other. ; disāsu=directions. ; taṃ pabbataṃ=that mountain. ; bahiddhā katvā=having placed it outside. ; anto=inside. ; aññāni=other. ; nimittāni=boundary marks. ; kittetabbāni=should be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they wish to make one-third or one-half of the mountain the inner boundary, they should not announce the mountain itself. Instead, for whatever region they wish to make the inner boundary, a boundary mark should be announced outside of it, choosing from among the trees, anthills, etc., that have grown on that very mountain.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; pabbatassa=of the mountain. ; tatiyabhāvaṃ 0ā=one third part. ; (This is the intended meaning.) ; upaḍḍhaṃ vā=or one half. ; antosīmāya=as the inner boundary. ; kattukāmā=they wish to make. ; honti=they are. ; pabbataṃ=the mountain. ; akittetvā=without announcing. ; yattakaṃ=whatever. ; padesaṃ=region. ; anto kattukāmā=those who wish to make the inner boundary. ; tassa padesassa=of that region. ; parato=outside of. ; tasmiṃyeva pabbate=on that very mountain. ; jātarukkhavammikādīsu=among the trees, anthills, etc., that have grown. ; aññataraṃ=any one. ; nimittaṃ=boundary mark. ; kittetabbaṃ=should be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they wish to include the entire mountain, measuring one or two yojanas, inside the boundary, then boundary marks such as trees that have grown or anthills on the ground beyond the mountain should be announced.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; ekayojana dviyojanappamāṇaṃ=which is one or two yojanas in length. ; sabbaṃ pabbataṃ=the entire mountain. ; anto kattukāma=they wish to include inside. ; honti=they are. ; pabbatassa=of the mountain. ; parato=beyond. ; bhūmiyaṃ=on the ground. ; jātarukkhavammikādīni=trees that have grown, anthills, etc. ; nimittāni=as boundary marks. ; kittetabbāni=should be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the case of a rock as a boundary mark, even an iron ball is counted as a rock; therefore, any kind of rock is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

**pāsāṇanimitte**=In the case of a rock boundary mark. ; ayaguḷopi=even an iron rod or an iron ball. ; pāsaṇasaṅkhyameva=only into the category of a rock. ; gacchati=it goes. ; tasmā=Therefore. ; yo koci pāsāṇo=any kind of rock. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, regarding size, a rock as large as an elephant is categorized as a mountain; therefore, it is not allowable (as a rock boundary mark). But a large rock the size of a large ox or a large buffalo is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

pamāṇato pana=However, by way of size. ; hatthippamāṇo=a rock the size of an elephant. ; (Take it as seven and a half cubits.) ; pabbatasaṅkhyaṃ=to the category of a mountain. ; gato=it has gone. ; tasmā=Therefore. ; so pāsāṇo=that rock. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; (The meaning is that it is only allowable if it is made a mountain boundary mark.) ; mahāgoṇamahāmahiṃ sappamāṇo pana=But a large rock the size of a large ox or a large buffalo. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (The meaning is that it can be a rock boundary mark.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

As a minimum limit, a rock the size of a thirty-two pala lump of jaggery is allowable; a rock smaller than that is not allowable. A brick, even a large one, is not allowable. A pile of stones unsuitable for a boundary mark is also not allowable, much less a pile of earth or sand.

AI Translation Nissaya

heṭṭhimaparicchedena=As a minimum limit. ; dvittiṃ sapalaguḷapiṇḍappamāṇo=a rock the size of a thirty-two pala lump of jaggery. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (If one calculates one 'pala' as forty 'kyat', then it would be thirty-two 'viss' and twenty 'kyat'. The teachers, however, have taken it as thirty-two 'viss'. Here, do not take the weight, take the size of the lump of jaggery.) ; tato khuddakataro=A rock smaller than that. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; iṭṭhakā vā=A brick. ; mahantīpi=even if large. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; animittupagavāsāṇānaṃ=Of stones unsuitable for a boundary mark. ; rāsipi=a pile. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; paṃsuvālukarāsi=A pile of earth or sand. ; pavega=is much less allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A flat slab of rock level with the ground, like a threshing floor, or a rock that juts out from the ground like a tree stump, is also allowable, provided it meets the size requirement.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhūmisamo=Level with the ground. ; khalamaṇḍasasadiso=similar to a threshing floor. ; viṭṭhipāsaṇo vā=a flat slab of rock. ; bhūmito=from the ground. ; khāṇuko viya=like a tree stump. ; uṭṭhitapāsāṇo vā=a rock that has emerged. ; hoti=if it is. ; sopi pāsāṇo=that rock also. ; ce=if. ; pamāṇupago=it meets the size requirement. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (The meaning is, if it has the size of a thirty-two viss lump of jaggery.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Even a very large flat slab of rock is still categorized only as a rock. Therefore, if they wish to include one part of a large flat rock within the boundary, they should not announce the slab itself but should announce another rock that is on top of it.

AI Translation Nissaya

piṭṭhipāsāṇo=A flat slab of rock. ; atimahantopi=even if very large. ; pāyāṇasaṅkhyameva=only into the category of rock. ; gacchati=it goes. ; (The meaning is that it does not reach the category of a mountain.) ; tasmā=Therefore. ; sace=if. ; mahato=of a large. ; piṭṭhipāsāṇassa=flat slab of rock. ; ekappadesaṃ=one part. ; antosīmāya=within the boundary. ; kattukāmā=they wish to make. ; honti=they are. ; taṃ=it. ; akittetvā=without announcing. ; tassa=of that. ; upari=on top. ; añño=another. ; pāsāṇo=rock. ; kittetabbo=should be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they build a monastery on top of a flat slab of rock, or if a flat slab of rock passes through the middle of the monastery, such a flat slab of rock is not allowable as a boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; piṭṭhipāsāṇupari=on top of a flat slab of rock. ; vihāraṃ=a monastery. ; karonti=they should build. ; vihāramajjhena vā=or through the middle of the monastery. ; viṭṭhipāsāṇo=a flat slab of rock. ; vinivijjhitvā=having pierced through. ; gacchati=it should go. ; evarūpo=such kind of. ; piṭṭhipāsāṇo=flat slab of rock. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For if they announce it, the monastery is on top of the boundary mark. A boundary mark is outside the sīmā, so the monastery would also fall outside the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi kasmā=Why?. ; sace=If. ; taṃ piṭṭhipāsāṇaṃ=that flat slab of rock. ; kittenti=they announce. ; nimittassa=of the boundary mark. ; upari=on top. ; vihāro=the monastery. ; hoti=is. ; nimittañca nāma=A boundary mark. ; bahisīmāyaṃ=outside the boundary. ; hoti=is. ; vihāropi=The monastery also. ; bahisīmāyaṃ=outside the boundary. ; āpajjati=would fall. ; (Therefore, the meaning is that a flat slab of rock that passes through the middle of a monastery should not be announced.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A flat slab of rock that stands encircling a monastery, having been announced in one location, should not be announced in another.

AI Translation Nissaya

vihāraṃ=the monastery. ; parikkhipitvā=having encircled. ; ṭhitapiṭṭhipāsaṇo=a flat slab of rock that stands. ; ekattha=in one direction. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; aññatta=in another direction. ; na kittetabbo=should not be announced. ; (Since it is a single continuous entity, it is proper to announce it in only one direction.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the case of a forest as a boundary mark, a forest of grass or a forest of trees with hardwood in their outer layers like palm or coconut is not allowable. However, a forest of trees with hardwood inside, such as teak or sal, or a mixed forest of such trees, is allowable. As a minimum limit, a forest of even just four or five trees is allowable; fewer than that is not. Above that, even a forest of a hundred yojanas is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

**vananimitte**=In the case of a forest boundary mark. ; tiṇavanaṃ vā=a forest of grass. ; tacasāratāsanaḷikerādirukkhavanaṃ vā=or a forest of trees with hardwood in their outer layers, such as palm or coconut trees. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; antosārānaṃ=of those that have hardwood inside. ; (pana - indicates a distinction, it also indicates an alternative.) ; sākasālādīnaṃ=of teak, sal trees, and so on. ; vanaṃ vā=a forest. ; antosāramissakānaṃ=of mixed trees with hardwood inside. ; rukkhānaṃ=of trees. ; vanaṃ vā=a forest. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; tañcavanaṃ=And that forest. ; (kho - is a particle.) ; heṭṭhimaparicchedena=as a minimum limit. ; catuparukkhamattampi=even of only four or five trees. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; tato oraṃ=Fewer than that. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; paraṃ=Beyond that. ; yojanasatikampi=even if it is a forest of a hundred yojanas. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if they build a monastery in the middle of a forest, the forest should not be announced as the boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; vana majjhe=in the middle of a forest. ; vihāraṃ=a monastery. ; karonti=they should build. ; vanaṃ=the forest as a boundary mark. ; na kittetabbaṃ=should not be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Even by monks who wish to make a part of the forest the inner boundary, they should not announce the forest itself as the boundary mark, but should announce trees, rocks, and so on within that forest.

AI Translation Nissaya

ekadesaṃ=a part of the forest. ; antosimāya=as the inner boundary. ; kātukāmehipi=even by monks who wish to make. ; vanaṃ=the forest as a boundary mark. ; akinattetvā=without announcing. ; tattha vane=in that forest. ; rukkhapāsāṇādayo=trees, rocks, and so on. ; kittetabbā=should be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A forest that stands encircling a monastery, having been announced in one direction, should not be announced in another.

AI Translation Nissaya

vihāraṃ=the monastery. ; parikkhipitvā=having encircled. ; ṭhitavanaṃ=a forest that stands. ; ekattha ekasmiṃ disābhāge=in one direction. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; aññattha aññasmiṃ disābhage=in another direction. ; na kittetabbaṃ=should not be announced. ; (This is said because the forest is one continuous entity.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the case of a tree as a boundary mark, a tree with hardwood in its outer layers, like a palm or coconut tree, is not allowable. A living tree with hardwood inside, which is at a minimum eight finger-breadths in height and the circumference of a Sinhalese writing stylus, is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

**rukkhanimitte**=In the case of a tree boundary mark. ; tacasāro=with hardwood in the outer layer. ; tālanāḷi kerādirukkho=a palm tree, coconut tree, etc.. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; antosāro=With hardwood inside. ; jīvamānako=a living tree. ; antamaso=at the minimum. ; ubbato=in height. ; aṭṭhaṅgulo=eight finger-breadths in length. ; pariṇāhato=in circumference. ; sūcidaṇḍakappamāṇopi=even the size of a Sinhalese writing stylus. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (The circumference of a Sinhalese stylus is said to be about the size of a little finger.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Less than that is not allowable. Beyond that, even a banyan tree as large as the twelve-yojana Suppatiṭṭhita banyan tree is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

tato oraṃ=Less than that. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; paraṃ=Beyond that. ; dvādasa yojano=twelve yojanas in measure. ; suppatiṭṭhitanigrodhopi=even a Suppatiṭṭhita banyan tree. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A tree that was grown from a seed planted in a bamboo tube, a reed tube, a small bowl, or the like, is not allowable even if it meets the size requirement. However, having removed it from there and planted it in the ground, even at that very moment, after making a basin around it and sprinkling water, it is allowable to announce it.

AI Translation Nissaya

vaṃsanaḷakasarāvādīsu=In a bamboo tube, a reed tube, a small bowl, etc.. ; bījaṃ=a seed. ; ropetvā=having planted. ; vaḍḍhāpito=a tree that has been made to grow. ; pamāṇupagopi=even if it meets the size requirement. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; tato=from that bamboo tube, reed tube, small bowl, etc.. ; apanetvā pana=but having removed it. ; taṃ khaṇampi=even at that moment. ; bhūmiyaṃ=in the ground. ; ropetvā=having planted. ; koṭṭhakaṃ=a basin around it. ; katvā=having made. ; udakaṃ=water. ; āsiñcitvā=having sprinkled. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The emergence of new roots and branches is not a necessary condition. But if it is planted after cutting the trunk, this is a suitable tree boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

navamūla sākhāniggamanaṃ=The emergence of new roots and branches. ; akāraṇaṃ=is not a necessary condition. ; (This refers to the time when it is planted in a bamboo tube, reed tube, or small bowl.) ; khandhaṃ=the trunk. ; chinditvā=having cut. ; rovite pana=but if it is planted. ; etaṃ rukkhanimittaṃ=this tree boundary mark. ; yujjati=is suitable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And it is allowable for the announcer to say just 'tree,' or 'teak tree,' or 'sal tree.'

AI Translation Nissaya

kittentena ca=And by the one who is announcing. ; “rukkho”ti='tree'. ; vatthumpi=to say. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (The meaning is: if planted after cutting a branch from the tree, it is called living only when new roots and branches have sprouted, so new roots, branches, shoots, and boughs must emerge before it can be made a boundary mark.) ; “saka rukkho”ti=even if it is a teak tree. ; “sālarukkho”tipi=even if it is a sal tree. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, a single continuous entity like the Suppatiṭṭhita banyan tree, having been announced in one location, is not allowable to be announced in another.

AI Translation Nissaya

ekābaddhaṃ=A single, continuous. ; suppatiṭṭhitanigrodhopi pana=if it is like the Suppatiṭṭhita banyan tree. ; ekattha=in one direction. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; aññatta=in another direction. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; (The banyan tree named Suppatiṭṭhita has a thousand root-trunks. Its height and diameter are twelve yojanas. It is the dwelling place of the Chaddanta elephant king who dwells near the Chaddanta lake.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the case of a path as a boundary mark, paths to forests, fields, rivers, or lakes are not allowable. A footpath or a cart track is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

**magganimitte**=In the case of a path boundary mark. ; araññakhettanadītaḷākamaggādayo=paths such as forest paths, field paths, river paths, and lake paths. ; na vaṭṭanti=are not allowable. ; jaṅgha maggo vā=a path used by foot travelers. ; sakaṭa maggo vā=or a cart track. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (The meaning is: a temporary path for those who go to the forest to cut grass or gather firewood, a path for field-guards to enter the fields, a path for those fetching water to enter a lake, a path to enter a river—such minor paths cannot be made boundary marks. Only a public thoroughfare, a footpath or a cart track, can be made a boundary mark.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A path that connects two or three villages is allowable. But a path that branches off from a footpath or cart track and then rejoins it is not. Footpaths or cart tracks that are no longer in use are not allowable; only those currently used by foot travelers and carts are allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

yo maggo=Which path. ; nibbajjhitvā=having pierced through. ; dve tīṇi gāmantarāni=to the vicinity of two or three villages. ; gacchati=it should go. ; yo pana maggo=But which path. ; jaṅghamaggasakaṭamaggato=from a footpath or cart track. ; srakkamitvā=having branched off. ; puna=again. ; sakaṭamaggamo=to a cart track. ; otaratiye vā jaṅghamaggasakaṭamaggā=Which footpaths and cart tracks. ; avaḷañjā=are not in use. ; te maggā=those paths. ; na vaṭṭanti=are not allowable. ; (The meaning is: if it was formerly a footpath or cart track, but later people stopped using it and the road is no longer a thoroughfare, it cannot be made a boundary mark.) ; jaṅghasatthasakaṭatthehi=by foot travelers and cart drivers. ; vaḷañjiyamānayeva=only those being used. ; vaṭṭanti=are allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If two paths emerge and later merge into one like the yoke of a cart, they should be announced only once, either at the point where they split or where they join, and not be announced again.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; dve ggo=two paths. ; nikkhamitvā=having emerged. ; pacchā=afterwards. ; sakaṭadhuramiva=like the yoke of a cart. ; ekībhavanti=they become one. ; dvedhā=in two. ; bhinnaṭṭhāne vā=at the place of splitting. ; sambandhaṭṭhāne vā=or at the place of joining. ; sakiṃ kittetvā=having announced once. ; puna=again. ; na kittetabbā=should not be announced. ; (Whether at the junction or the fork of the path, it should be announced only once.) ; hi kasmā=Why?. ; etaṃ nimittaṃ=That path boundary mark. ; ekābaddhanimittaṃ=is a single continuous boundary mark. ; hoti=it is. ; tasmā=Therefore. ; puna=again. ; na kittetabbā=should not be announced. ; (Connect thus.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is because it is a single, continuous boundary mark.

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If four paths encircle a monastery, going off in four directions, after announcing one part in the middle, it is not allowable to announce another part.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; vihāraṃ=the monastery. ; parikkhipitvā=having encircled. ; cattāro ggo=four paths. ; catūsu disāsu=to the four directions. ; gacchanti=they go. ; majjhe=in the middle. ; ekaṃ=one side. ; kittattā=having announced. ; aparaṃ=the other side. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; (This is said because the four paths are connected.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is because it is a single, continuous boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi kasmā=Why?. ; etaṃ nimittaṃ=This boundary mark. ; ekābaddhanimittaṃ=is a single continuous boundary mark. ; (Also gives: a single continuous boundary mark.) ; hoti=it is. ; tasmā=Therefore. ; na vaṭṭati=it is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, a path that passes through a corner can be announced on the other side.

AI Translation Nissaya

koṇaṃ=the four corners of the monastery. ; nibbujjhitvā=having pierced through. ; gataṃ pana=but a path that goes. ; parabhāge=on the other side. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (This is allowable because the four paths are separate and not connected.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, a path that passes through the middle of the monastery should not be announced; if it is announced, the monastery is on top of the boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

vihāramajjhena=through the middle of the monastery. ; nibbijjhitvā=having pierced. ; gatamaggo pana=but a path that goes. ; na kittetabbo=should not be announced. ; kittite=if it is announced. ; nimittassa=of the boundary mark. ; upari=on top. ; vihāro=the monastery. ; hoti=is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they make the inner wheel track of a cart path the boundary mark, the path is outside the sīmā. If they make the outer wheel track the boundary mark, the outer wheel track is outside the sīmā, and the rest (the inner track) becomes part of the inner sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; sakkaṭamaggassa=of a cart track. ; antimacakkamaggaṃ=the inner wheel track. ; nimittaṃ=as the boundary mark. ; karonti=they make. ; maggo=the cart track. ; bahisīmāya=outside the boundary. ; hoti=is. ; sace=If. ; bāhiracakkamaggaṃ=the outer wheel track. ; nimittaṃ=as the boundary mark. ; karonti=they make. ; bāhiracakkamaggo=the outer wheel track. ; bahisīmāya=outside the boundary. ; hoti=is. ; sesaṃ=The remaining inner wheel track. ; antosīmaṃ=into the inner boundary. ; bhajati=enters. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When announcing a path, it is allowable to use any of the ten names for it, such as 'maggo,' 'pantho,' 'patho,' 'pajjo,' and so on. A path that goes around a monastery like a moat, having been announced in one location, is not allowable to be announced in another.

AI Translation Nissaya

maggaṃ=the path. ; kittentena=by one who is announcing. ; “maggo panto tho pajjo”ti ādīsu=such as 'magga,' 'pantha,' 'patha,' 'pajja'. ; dasasu nāmesu=among the ten names. ; yena kenaci nāme=by any one of the names. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (The ten names of a path are: 'magga,' 'pantha,' 'patha,' 'addha,' 'añjasa,' 'vaṭuma,' 'pajja,' 'ayana,' 'padavi,' 'vattani.' These ten words are all synonyms for path.) ; parikhāsaṇṭhānena=in the shape of a moat. ; vihāraṃ=the monastery. ; parikkhipitvā=having encircled. ; gabhamaggo=a path that goes. ; ekatta=in one place. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; aññattha=in another place. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; (It is not allowable because it is a single continuous entity.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the case of an anthill as a boundary mark, the minimum limit is an anthill that has appeared on that very day, is eight finger-breadths high, and is the size of an ox's horn; this is allowable. Less than that is not allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

**vammikanimitte**=In the case of an anthill boundary mark. ; heṭṭhimaparicchedena=as a minimum limit. ; taṃ divasaṃ jāto=which has appeared on that very day. ; aṭṭhaṅgulubbedhe=if it is eight finger-breadths in height. ; govisāṇappamāṇopi vammiko=an anthill even the size of an ox's horn. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; tato oraṃ=Less than that. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Beyond that, even an anthill as large as the Himalayan mountains is allowable. However, a single continuous anthill that stands encircling a monastery, having been announced in one location, is not allowable to be announced in another.

AI Translation Nissaya

paraṃ=Beyond that. ; himagantabbakasadisopi=even an anthill similar to the Himalaya mountains. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; vihāraṃ=the monastery. ; parikkhipitvā=having encircled. ; ṭhitaṃ=that stands. ; ekābaddhaṃ pana=but a single continuous anthill. ; ekattha=in one place. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; aññatta=in another place. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; (This is said because it is a single continuous entity.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the case of a river as a boundary mark, a river whose current is cut off as soon as the clouds have gone—even when, during the time of righteous kings, rain falls every half-month, every ten days, or every five days—is not counted as a river.

AI Translation Nissaya

**nadīnimitte**=In the case of a river boundary mark. ; yassā nadiyā=of which river. ; (Connects with sotaṃ.) ; dhammikānaṃ=of righteous. ; sodarājūnaṃ=kings. ; kāle=in the time. ; anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ=once every half-month. ; anudasāhaṃ=once every ten days. ; anupañcāhaṃ=or once every five days. ; iti evaṃ=thus. ; anatikkamitvā=not exceeding. ; (Implied.) ; deve=the rain. ; vassante=when it falls. ; valāhakesu=the clouds. ; vigata mattesu=as soon as they have gone. ; sotaṃ=the current. ; pacchijjati=is cut off. ; ayaṃ nadī=This river. ; nadīsaṅkhyeṃ=to the category of a river. ; na gacchati=does not go. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But a river whose current is not cut off during the four months of a good rainy season, and in which a nun crossing, whether at a ford or not, lifting her under-robe after covering her three regions as prescribed in the training rules, still gets her under-robe wet by even one or two finger-breadths, that is considered a river and can be a boundary mark for monks establishing a sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

yassā pana nadiyā=But of which river. ; īdise=in such a. ; suvuṭṭhikāle=time of good rain. ; vassānassa=of the rainy season. ; catumāse=during the four months, at the time of the Tazaungmone month. ; sotaṃ=the current. ; na pacchijjati=is not cut off. ; yattha=in which. ; titthena vā=whether at a ford. ; atittena vā=or not at a ford. ; sikkhākaraṇīye=in the Sikkhākaraṇīya. ; āgatalakkhaṇena=by the characteristic mentioned. ; timaṇḍalaṃ=the three regions of the body. ; paṭicchādetvā=having covered. ; antaravāsakaṃ=the under-robe. ; anukkhipitvā=having lifted up. ; uttarantiyā=of one who is crossing. ; bhikkhuniyā=of a nun. ; ekaṅguladvaṅgusamattampi=even by one or two finger-breadths. ; antaravāsako=the under-robe. ; temiyati=gets wet. ; ayaṃ nadī=This river. ; nadīsaṅkhyaṃ=to the category of a river. ; gacchati=goes. ; sīmaṃ=the boundary. ; bandhantānaṃ=for the monks who are establishing. ; nimittaṃ=a boundary mark. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is the very same kind of river that is relevant for a nun crossing to the other side, for performing Sangha acts such as the Uposatha, and for authorizing a boundary on both sides of a river.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhikkhuniyā=For a nun. ; nadīpāragamanepi=in crossing to the other side of a river. ; uposathādisaṅghakambhakaraṇepi=in performing Sangha acts such as the Uposatha. ; nadīpārasīmāsambuddhanepi=and in authorizing a boundary on both sides of a river. ; ayameva nadī=it is this very same kind of river. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, a river that flows around a monastery like a path, in the shape of a cart yoke or a moat, having been announced in one place, is not allowable to be announced in another.

AI Translation Nissaya

yā pana nadī=But which river. ; maggo viya=like a path. ; sakaṭadhurasaṇṭhānena vā=with the shape of a cart yoke. ; parikhāsaṇṭhānena vā=or with the shape of a moat. ; vihāraṃ=the monastery. ; parikkhapitvā=having circled. ; gatā=flows. ; taṃ nadī=that river. ; ekattha=in one place. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; aññattha=in another place. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is the same method for four rivers that flow in the four directions of a monastery, intersecting each other.

AI Translation Nissaya

vihārassa=of the monastery. ; catūsu disāsu=in the four directions. ; aññamaññaṃ=each other. ; vinibbijjhitvā=having pierced. ; gate=that flow. ; nadicatukkepī=also in the case of four rivers. ; eseva nayo=this is the same method. ; (This is said because the four rivers are connected. These rivers should be announced in only one direction.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, it is allowable to announce all four rivers if they are not connected.

AI Translation Nissaya

asammissā nadiyo pana=But as for rivers that are not connected. ; catasopi=all four rivers. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they obstruct the river's current by digging in tree trunks and using creepers, straw, and so on, like making a fence, and the water flows over this obstruction, it is allowable to make it a boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; vatiṃ karonto viya=like making a fence. ; rukkhapāde=the bases of trees. ; nikhaṇitvā=having dug in. ; vallipalāladīhi=with creepers, straw, etc.. ; nadīsotaṃ=the river current. ; randhanti=they obstruct. ; udakaṃ=the water. ; āvaraṇaṃ=the obstruction. ; ajjhottharitvā=having flooded over. ; pavattati yo=if it still flows. ; nimittaṃ=the river boundary mark. ; kātuṃ=to make. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if a dam is made in such a way that the water does not flow, it is not allowable to make a river boundary mark. In the place where it flows, it is allowable to make a river boundary mark; in the place where it does not flow, it is allowable to make a water boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

yathā pana=But in such a way that. ; udakaṃ=the river water. ; na pavattati=does not flow. ; evaṃ=in this way. ; setumhi=a dam. ; kate=when it is made. ; apavattamānā=if it does not flow. ; nadī nimittaṃ=a river boundary mark. ; kātuṃ=to make. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; (The meaning is that only a water boundary mark is allowable.) ; pavattanaṭṭhāne=In the place where it flows. ; nadīnimittaṃ=a river boundary mark. ; kātuṃ=to make. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; appavattanaṭṭhāne=In the place where it does not flow. ; udakanimittaṃ=a water boundary mark. ; kātuṃ=to make. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, a river that does not flow during a drought or in the hot season due to lack of water is still allowable as a boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

yā pana nadī=But which river. ; dubbuṭṭhikāle vā=in a time of drought. ; gimhe vā=or in the hot season. ; nirudakabhāvena=due to the absence of water. ; na pavattati=does not flow. ; sā nadī=that river. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; (Here also, a river boundary mark is still allowable.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they divert a main canal from a great river, and that canal, becoming like a small river, flows continuously and supports three harvests, even though it flows, it is not allowable to make it a boundary mark.

AI Translation Nissaya

mahānadīto=From a great river. ; udakamātakaṃ=a main canal. ; (Also gives: a water channel.) ; nīharanti=if they draw it out. ; sā mātikā=that main canal. ; kunnadīsadisā=like a small river. ; hutvā=having become. ; tīṇi sassāni=three harvests of crops. ; sampādenti=if they bring to completion. ; niccaṃ=always. ; pavattati=if it flows. ; kiñcāpi vattati=even if it flows. ; nimittaṃ=a river boundary mark. ; kātuṃ=to make. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; (The meaning is that it is not allowable because it is not naturally formed.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, a watercourse that was originally led out from a great river, which after a long time breaks through to the river again by that same path and flows by itself, and that flowing stream afterwards becomes a river filled with crocodiles, dolphins, etc., and can be travelled upon by boats, etc.—it is allowable to make that river a boundary marker.

AI Translation Nissaya

yā pana=However, as for the watercourse. ; mūle=from the beginning. ; mahānadito=from the great river. ; nītatāpi=although it was led out. ; kālantarena=after a long time. ; teneva nītatamaggena=by that same path it was led out. ; nadiṃ bhinditvā=having broken through to the river. ; sayañca=by itself. ; gacchati=it flows. ; sayañca=by itself. ; gacchantī=the flowing stream. ; parato=afterwards. ; susumārādisamā kiṇṇā=filled with crocodiles, dolphins, etc.. ; nāvādīhi=by boats, etc.. ; sañcaritabbā=which can be travelled upon. ; nadī=a river. ; hoti=becomes. ; taṃ nadiṃ=that river. ; nimittaṃ=as a boundary marker. ; kātuṃ=to make. ; vaṭṭati=it is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Regarding the water boundary marker, it is not allowable to declare a water boundary marker by filling a boat or pots and pans with water in a place where there is no water; only water that is on the ground is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

**udakanimitte**=Regarding the water boundary marker. ; nirudakaṭṭhāne=in a place where there is no water. ; nāvāya vā=either in a boat. ; caṭiādīsu vā=or in pots, pans, etc.. ; udakaṃ=water. ; pūretvā=having filled. ; udakanimittaṃ=a water boundary marker. ; kittetuṃ=to declare. ; na vaṭṭati=it is not allowable. ; bhūmigatameva=only water that is on the ground. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And that water should be non-flowing water; standing water in pits, square ponds, reservoirs, natural lakes, salt-pits, oceans, etc., is allowable. But flowing water in swift-flowing rivers, aqueducts, canals, etc., is not allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

tañca kho=And that water. ; appavattanaudakaṃ=non-flowing water. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; āvāṭa=a pit. ; pokkharaṇī=a square pond. ; taḷāka=a reservoir dammed on one side. ; jātassara=a natural lime pool. ; loṇi=a salt pit. ; samuddādīsu=in the ocean, etc.. ; ṭhitaṃ=standing water. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; aṭṭhitaṃ=non-standing (i.e., flowing). ; oghanadīudakavāhakamātikādīsu=in constantly flowing rivers, water pipes, canals, etc.. ; udakaṃ pana=but water. ; na vaṭati=is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, in the Andhakaṭṭhakathā, it is said: 'Water drawn from deep pits and so on should not be made a boundary marker.' That is wrongly said; it is merely a personal opinion.

AI Translation Nissaya

**andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ** pana=However, in the Andhakaṭṭhakathā. ; “gambhīresu=in deep. ; āvāṭādīsu=pits, etc.. ; ukkhevimaṃ=drawn. ; udakaṃ=water. ; nimittaṃ=as a boundary marker. ; na kātabbaṃ=should not be made.” ; iti=thus. ; vuttaṃ=it is said. ; taṃ vacanaṃ=That saying. ; duvuttaṃ=is wrongly said. ; attano matimattameva=it is merely one's own opinion. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But as for still water, even if it is in a pig's wallow or in a small play-pond of village children, and even water brought in pots to fill a pit made in the earth at that very moment—if it remains until the conclusion of the formal act (kammavācā), whether it be a little or a lot, it is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

ṭhitaṃ pana=But as for still water. ; (meaning stagnant water). ; antamaso=even. ; sūkarakhatāyapi=in a pit used by pigs. ; gāmadārakānaṃ=of the village children. ; kīḷanavāpiyampi=in a small play-pond. ; taṃ khaṇaññeva=at that very moment. ; pathaviyaṃ=on the earth. ; āvāṭaṃ=a pit. ; katvā=having made. ; kuṭehi=with pots. ; aharitvā=having brought. ; pūritaudakampi=even water that has been filled. ; sace=if. ; yāva=until. ; kammavācāriyāsānā=the end of the formal act (kammavācā). ; tiṭṭhati=it remains. ; ampaṃ vā=whether it be a little. ; hotu=let it be. ; bahuṃ vā=or a lot. ; hotu=let it be. ; vaṭṭati=it is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But in that place, for the purpose of marking the boundary, either a pile of stones, sand, earth, etc., or a stone pillar, or a wooden post should be made.

AI Translation Nissaya

tasmiṃ pana ṭhāne=But in that place. ; nimittasaññākaraṇatthaṃ=for the purpose of marking the boundary. ; pāsāṇavālikāpaṃsuādirāsi vā=either a pile of stones, sand, earth, etc.. ; pāsāṇatthambho vā=or a stone pillar. ; dārutthambho vā=or a wooden post. ; kātabbo=should be made. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It is allowable for a monk to do this or to have it done, but it is not allowable in the case of a boundary for gains (lābhasīmā).

AI Translation Nissaya

taṃ sabbaṃ=All that. ; kātuñca=for monks to do. ; kāretuñca=and to have it done by others. ; bhikkhussa=for a monk. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; lābhasīmāyaṃ pana=But in the case of a boundary for gains (lābhasīmā). ; na vaṭṭati=it is not allowable. ; (meaning it is not proper for ordination). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A boundary for common residence (samānasaṃvāsakasīmā) does not cause harm to anyone; it only accomplishes a formal act of the Vinaya for monks. Therefore, it is allowable in this case.

AI Translation Nissaya

samānasaṃvāsakasīmā=A boundary for common residence (samānasaṃvāsakasīmā). ; kassaci=to anyone. ; pīḷanaṃ=oppression or harm. ; na karoti=does not do. ; kevalaṃ=only. ; bhikkhūnaṃ=of the monks. ; vinayakammeva=only the Vinaya act. ; sādhoti=it accomplishes. ; (It is not permitted to surround a stone pillar in a boundary for gain because land is invaluable, and one might encroach on someone else's land or the Saṅgha's land. A boundary for common residence does not destroy the boundary for gain, nor does it destroy their taxes, nor does it oppress all people by demanding their taxes; it only accomplishes a Vinaya act, so it is allowed.). ; tasmā=Therefore. ; ettha=here, in this boundary for common residence. ; vaṭṭati=it is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

It is certainly allowable to establish a boundary with these eight types of markers, whether unmixed or mixed with one another.

AI Translation Nissaya

imehi ca aṭṭhahi nimittehi=And by these eight boundary markers. ; (This is a general case). ; asambhissehipi=and by unmixed boundary markers. ; (This is what is meant). ; aññamaññaṃ=with one another. ; sammissehipi=and by mixed boundary markers. ; (This means mixed markers, such as a stone pillar marker, an anthill marker, a road marker, etc., where one side has one type of marker and another side has another). ; sīmā=a boundary. ; sammannituṃ=to establish. ; vaṭṭatiyeva=is certainly allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That boundary, being thus established, is not bound by one or two markers. But beginning with three, it is bound even by a hundred of the aforementioned kinds of markers.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; sammannitvā=having established. ; bajjhamānā=being bound. ; sā sīmā=that boundary. ; ekena vā nimittena=either by one marker. ; dvīhi vā nimittehi=or by two markers. ; abaddhā=is not bound. ; hoti=is. ; tiṇī pana nimittāni=But three markers. ; ādiṃ katvā=beginning with. ; vuttappakārānaṃ=of the aforementioned kinds. ; nimittānaṃ=of markers. ; satenapi=even by a hundred. ; badvā=is bound. ; hoti=is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

With three markers, it has the shape of a three-way crossroad. With four, it is either square or has the shape of a four-way crossroad, a half-moon, a drum, etc. With more than that, it has various shapes.

AI Translation Nissaya

tīhi nimittehi=With three markers. ; baddhā=bound. ; sāsīmā=that boundary. ; siṅghaṭakasaṇṭhānā=has the shape of a three-way crossroad. ; hoti=is. ; catūhi nimittehi=With four markers. ; caturassā vā=it is either square. ; siṅghāṭakaakhucandamudiṅgādisaṇṭhānā vā=or has the shape of a four-way crossroad, a half-moon, a drum, etc.. ; hoti=is. ; tato=than that. ; adhikehi=with more markers. ; nānāsaṇṭhānā vā=it has various shapes. ; hoti=is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A boundary agreed upon after announcing the markers by the method described should be known as 'endowed with the perfection of boundary markers'.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; vuttanayena=by the method described. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; sammatā=the agreed-upon boundary. ; “nimittasampattiyuttā”ti=as "endowed with the perfection of boundary markers". ; veditabbā=should be known. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

159. What is called 'endowed with the perfection of the assembly' is when, with a minimum quorum of four monks having assembled, all the monks who are present in that village area—not having entered an already bound boundary or a river, ocean, or natural lake—are either brought within hand's reach or their consent is brought, and the boundary is agreed upon.

AI Translation Nissaya

159. **parisasampattiyuttā** nāma=What is called "endowed with the perfection of the assembly" is. ; sabbantimena=with the very minimum. ; paricchedena=by way of a quorum. ; catūhibhikkhūhi=by four monks. ; sannipatitvā=having assembled. ; tasmiṃ gāmakhette=in that village area. ; baddhasīmaṃ vā=or into an already bound boundary. ; nadīsamuddajātassare vā=or into a river, ocean, or natural lake. ; anokkamitvā=not having entered. ; yāgatikā=all the. ; sikkhū=monks. ; ṭhitā=who are present. ; te sabbe=all those monks. ; hatthapāse vā=either having brought within hand's reach. ; katvā=having done. ; chandaṃ vā=or their consent. ; āharitvā=having brought. ; sammatā=is agreed upon. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

160. What is called 'endowed with the perfection of the formal act' is--

AI Translation Nissaya

160. **kammavācāsampattiyuttā** nāma=What is called "endowed with the perfection of the formal act" is-- ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Venerable sirs, may the Saṅgha listen to me. The boundary markers have been announced all around. If the time is right for the Saṅgha, the Saṅgha should, with these markers, agree upon the boundary for common residence and for a single Uposatha. This is the motion.

AI Translation Nissaya

“bhante=Venerable sirs. ; saṅgho=the Saṅgha. ; me mama=my. ; vacanaṃ=words. ; suṇātu=may it listen. ; samantā=All around. ; yāvatā thattaka=as many as. ; nimittā=the boundary markers. ; kittitā=have been announced. ; saṅghassa=for the Saṅgha. ; pattakallaṃ=the time is right. ; yadi atthi=if it is. ; saṅgho=the Saṅgha. ; etehi nimittehi=with these markers. ; yamānasaṃvāsaṃ=for common residence with the same major and minor acts. ; vā=with a common residence having the same act. ; ekūposathaṃ=for a single Uposatha. ; sīmaṃ=the boundary. ; sammanneyya=should agree upon. ; eso=This. ; ñātti=is the motion. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Venerable sirs, may the Saṅgha listen to me. The boundary markers have been announced all around. The Saṅgha, with these markers, agrees upon the boundary for common residence and for a single Uposatha. To whichever venerable one the agreement of the boundary with these markers for common residence and for a single Uposatha is approved, he should be silent.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sirs. ; saṅgho=the Saṅgha. ; me mama=my. ; vacanaṃ=words. ; suṇātu=may it listen. ; samantā=All around. ; yāvatā yattakā=as many as. ; nimittā=the boundary markers. ; kittikā=have been announced. ; saṅghassa=for the Saṅgha. ; pattakallaṃ=the time is right. ; yadi atthi=if it is. ; saṅghe=The Saṅgha. ; etehi nimittehi=with these markers. ; samānasaṃvāsaṃ=for common residence. ; ekūposathaṃ=for a single Uposatha. ; sīmaṃ=the boundary. ; sammannati=agrees upon. ; ayasmato=To whichever venerable one. ; bhikkhuno=monk. ; etahi nimittehi=with these markers. ; samānasaṃvāsaya=for common residence. ; ekūpo satāya=for a single Uposatha. ; sīmāya=of the boundary. ; sammuti=the agreement. ; khamati=is approved. ; so bhikkhu=that monk. ; tuṇhī=silent. ; assa bhaveyya=should be. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

He to whom it is not approved, he should speak.

AI Translation Nissaya

yassa bhikkhuno=To whichever monk. ; nakkhamati=it is not approved. ; so bhikkhu=that monk. ; bhāleyya=should speak. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The boundary for common residence and for a single Uposatha has been agreed upon by the Saṅgha with these markers. It is approved by the Saṅgha, therefore it is silent. Thus, I understand this by the silence.

AI Translation Nissaya

saṅghena=By the Saṅgha. ; etehi nimittehi=with these markers. ; samānasaṃvāsā=for common residence. ; ekūposathā=for a single Uposatha. ; sīmā=the boundary. ; sammatā=has been agreed upon. ; saṅghassa=To the Saṅgha. ; yasmā=because. ; khamati=it is approved. ; tasmā=therefore. ; phatuṇhī=it is silent. ; hoti=is. ; evaṃ tuṇhībhūtena=By this silence. ; etaṃ khamanaṃ=this approval. ; dhārayāmi=I understand. ; iti=thus. ; bhāseyya=one should speak. ; (In sammuti, saṃ can be recited with either a niggahita ending or a pavagga-final m-sound. In tuṇhī, ṇhī can be either long or short (Abhidhāna-ṭīkā). In sambandheyya, saṃ can be recited with either a niggahita ending or a pavagga-final m-sound. In nne, it can be recited with or without the double consonant. The same applies to sammannati. In sammatā, the only difference is the dropping of the 'n' sound; the meaning is the same.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus the agreement is reached by the formal act with motion as the second part, spoken in this sequence and being pure.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ iminā anukkamena=Thus, in this sequence. ; vuttāya=spoken. ; parisuddhāya=by the pure, completely free from faults of the motion (ñatti) and faults of the formal act (kammavācā). ; ñatti dutikkanhāmmavācāya=by the formal act with motion as the second part. ; sammatā=the agreement. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

At the conclusion of the formal act, the boundary is inside the markers, and the markers are outside the boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

kammavācāsampattiyuttā nāmi=is called endowed with the perfection of the formal act. ; kammavācāpariyosāne=At the conclusion of the formal act. ; nimittānaṃ=of the markers. ; anto=inside. ; sīmā=the boundary. ; hoti=is. ; nimittāni=The markers. ; sīmato=from the boundary. ; bahi=outside. ; honti=are. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

161. And in a boundary thus established, an agreement of non-separation from the three robes (avippavāsasammuti) should be made for the sake of convenience in being away from them and to make the boundary firm.

AI Translation Nissaya

161. evaṃ=Thus. ; baddhāya=having been bound. ; sīmāyaca=in the boundary also. ; ticīvarena=with the three robes. ; vippavāsasukhatthañca=both for the sake of ease in living apart from. ; daḷhīkammatthañca=and for the sake of making it firm. ; adhippavāsa sammuti=the agreement of non-separation. ; kātabbā=should be made. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But that should be done thus--

AI Translation Nissaya

sā pana=But that agreement of the boundary of non-separation. ; evaṃ=thus. ; kattabbā=should be made-- ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Venerable sirs, may the Saṅgha listen to me. That boundary which was agreed upon by the Saṅgha for common residence and for a single Uposatha—if the time is right for the Saṅgha, the Saṅgha should agree upon that boundary as a boundary of non-separation from the three robes, excluding the village and the village precinct. This is the motion.

AI Translation Nissaya

“bhante=Venerable sirs. ; saṅgho=the Saṅgha. ; me mama=my. ; vacanaṃ=words. ; suṇātu=may it listen. ; saṅghena=By the Saṅgha. ; samānasaṃvāsā=for common residence. ; ekūposathā=for a single Uposatha. ; yā sāsīmā=that boundary which. ; sammatā=has been agreed upon. ; tanaññaḥ– saṅghena=By the Saṅgha. ; uposathā=for a single Uposatha. ; yā sā samāna saṃvāsā sīmā=that boundary for common residence. ; sammatā=has been agreed upon. ; saṅghassa=for the Saṅgha. ; pattakallaṃ=the time is right. ; yadi atthi=if it is. ; taṃ sīmaṃ=that boundary for common residence. ; saṅgho=the Saṅgha. ; gāmauca=the village. ; gāmūpacārauca=and the village precinct. ; ṭhapetvā=excluding. ; ticīvarena=with the three robes. ; avippavāsaṃ=the boundary of non-separation. ; sammandheyya=should agree upon. ; eso=This. ; ñatti=is the motion. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Venerable sirs, may the Saṅgha listen to me. That boundary which was agreed upon by the Saṅgha for common residence and for a single Uposatha—the Saṅgha agrees upon that boundary as a boundary of non-separation from the three robes, excluding the village and the village precinct. To whichever venerable one the agreement of this boundary of non-separation from the three robes, excluding the village and the village precinct, is approved, he should be silent.

AI Translation Nissaya

bhante=Venerable sirs. ; saṅgho=the Saṅgha. ; me mama=my. ; vacanaṃ=words. ; suṇātu=may it listen. ; samānasaṃvāsā=for common residence. ; ekūposathā=for a single Uposatha. ; yā sā sīmā=that boundary which. ; sammatā=was agreed upon. ; tanaññaḥ- saṅghena=by the Saṅgha. ; ekūposathā=for a single Uposatha. ; yā sā samanasaṃvāsā sīmā=that boundary for common residence. ; sammatā=was agreed upon. ; taṃ simaṃ=that boundary. ; saṅgho=the Saṅgha. ; gāmañca=the village. ; gāmūpacārañca=and the village precinct. ; ṭhapetvā=excluding. ; ticīvarena=with the three robes. ; avippavāsaṃ=the boundary of non-separation. ; sammannati=agrees upon. ; āyasmato=to the venerable one. ; yassa bhikkhuno=to which monk. ; ticīvarena=with the three robes. ; etissā avippavāsāya sīdhāya=of that boundary of non-separation. ; gāmañca=the village. ; gāmūpacārañca=and the village precinct. ; ṭhapetvā=excluding. ; sammuti=the agreement. ; khamati=is approved. ; so bhikkhu=that monk. ; tuṇhī=silent. ; assa bhaveyya=should be. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

He to whom it is not approved, he should speak.

AI Translation Nissaya

yassa tiādinā=To whomever. ; nakkhamati=it is not approved. ; so bhikkhu=that monk. ; bhāseyya=should speak. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

That boundary has been agreed upon by the Saṅgha as a boundary of non-separation from the three robes, excluding the village and the village precinct. It is approved by the Saṅgha, therefore it is silent. Thus, I understand this by the silence.

AI Translation Nissaya

saṅghena=By the Saṅgha. ; sā sīmā=that boundary for common residence. ; gāmañca=the village. ; gāmūpacārañca=and the village precinct. ; ṭhapetvā=excluding. ; ticīvare=with the three robes. ; avippavāsā=as a boundary of non-separation. ; sammatā=has been agreed upon. ; saṅghassa=To the Saṅgha. ; yasmā=because. ; khamati=it is approved. ; tasmā=therefore. ; tuṇhī=it. ; hoti=is silent. ; evaṃ iminā tuṇhībhāvena=By this silence. ; etaṃ khamanaṃ=this approval. ; dhārayāmi=I understand. ; iti=thus. ; bhāseyya=one should speak. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Here, it should be understood that market towns (nigama) and cities (nagara) are also included by the word 'village' (gāma).

AI Translation Nissaya

ettha ca pade=Here also in this passage. ; nigamanagarānampi=market towns and cities also. ; gāmeneva=by the word 'village' alone. ; saṅgaho=the inclusion. ; veditabbo=should be known. ; (The distinction between gāma, nigama, nagara, and janapada is as follows: a place with no surrounding wall and no market is called a 'gāma'. A place with only a market but no surrounding wall is a 'nigama'. A place with both a market and a surrounding wall is a 'nagara'. A single district within a kingdom ruled by one king under a single parasol is a 'janapada'. It is to be understood that both nigama and nagara are included in the term gāma.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The village precinct (gāmūpacāra) is the surrounding wall of an enclosed village, or the area suitable for a wall for an unenclosed village.

AI Translation Nissaya

**gāmūpacāro**ti=The village precinct is. ; parikkhittassa=of a village with a surrounding wall. ; parikkhepo=the surrounding wall. ; gāmūpacāro nāma=is called the village precinct. ; aparikkhittassa=of a village without. ; parikkhepokāso=the area suitable for a surrounding wall. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But in this village and village precinct, a monk who has determined his three robes does not obtain the exemption.

AI Translation Nissaya

gāmūpacāro nāma=is called. ; imesu pana gāmagāmūpacāresu=But in this village and village precinct. ; adhiṭṭhitatecīvariko=a monk who has determined his three robes. ; bhikkhu=a monk. ; parihāraṃ=the exemption. ; na labhabhi=does not obtain. ; (The meaning is: since the boundary of non-separation cannot extend beyond the village and its precinct, if a monk observing the rule of the three robes, who resides within the boundary of common residence, leaves any of his three robes in the village or its precinct, it becomes a case of separation (vippavāsa). However, if he resides in the village or its precinct, it does not become a case of separation.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, this boundary of non-separation, because it was stated 'excluding the village and the village precinct,' does not cover the village and the village precinct; only the boundary for common residence covers them.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi saccaṃ=Indeed. ; bhikkhūnaṃ=of the monks. ; ayaṃ avippavāsasīmā=this boundary of non-separation. ; “ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca”ti=excluding the village and the village precinct. ; vuttattā=because it was said. ; gāmañca=the village. ; gāmūpacārañca=and the village precinct. ; na ottharati=it does not cover. ; samānasaṃvāsakasīmāva=Only the boundary for common residence. ; ottharati=covers. ; (It means that the boundary for common residence can cover both the village and the village precinct.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Among these, the boundary for common residence extends according to its own nature, but the boundary of non-separation extends only where the boundary for common residence is.

AI Translation Nissaya

ettha=Among these. ; samānasaṃvāsakasīmā ca=the boundary for common residence. ; attano=its own. ; dhammatāya=by nature. ; gacchati=extends. ; avippavāsasīmā pana=But the boundary of non-separation. ; yattha padese=wherever. ; samānasaṃpāsakasīmā=the boundary for common residence. ; hoti=is. ; tattheva=there only. ; gacchati=it extends. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For it has no separate announcement of boundary markers. In that place, if at the time of agreeing upon the boundary of non-separation a village exists, that boundary does not cover that village.

AI Translation Nissaya

tassā sīmāya=Of that boundary of non-separation. ; visuṃ=separate. ; nidhittakittanaṃ=announcement of boundary markers. ; na hi atthi=there is not. ; (Here the word 'hi' indicates a contrast). ; tattha padesa=In that place. ; sace=if. ; adhippavāsāya=for the boundary of non-separation. ; sammutikāle=at the time of agreement. ; gāmo=a village. ; atthi=exists. ; taṃ gāmaṃ=that village. ; sā sīmā=that boundary of non-separation. ; na ottharati=does not cover. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if a village is established after the boundary has been agreed upon, that village is also counted as part of the boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; sīmāya=the boundary. ; sammata ya=after having been agreed upon. ; gacchā=afterwards. ; gāmo=a village. ; nivisati=enters. ; vā=or is established. ; sopi gāmo=that village also. ; sīmasaṅkhyaṃyeva=is counted as part of the boundary. ; gacchati=it goes. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

And just as a village established afterwards is included, so too an area of expansion of a previously established village is also included in the count of the boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

pacchā niviṭṭho=A village established after the boundary is fixed. ; sīmasaṅkhyaṃ=into the count. ; gacchati yathā=just as it enters. ; evaṃ tathā ca=so too. ; paṭhamaṃ=first. ; niviṭṭhissa=of a house that has been entered. ; vā=or of a village. ; pacchā=afterwards. ; vaḍḍhikappadesopi=even the area of expansion. ; sīseṅkhya meva=only into the count of the boundary. ; gacchati=it goes. ; (The meaning is: just as a village first established after the boundary is set is included in the count of the boundary, so too the area of expansion from a village that later prospers is also included in the count of the boundary. This refers to being included in the count of the boundary of non-separation.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If at the time of agreeing upon the boundary, houses have been built and there is an intention 'We will move in,' but people have not yet moved in; or if people have abandoned just the houses of an old village and gone elsewhere, this is not a village, and the boundary covers it.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; sīmāsammutikāle=at the time of agreeing upon the boundary of non-separation. ; gehāni=houses. ; tāni=are built. ; “pavisissāmā”ti='We will enter,' thus. ; ālayopi=there is also an attachment. ; atthi=exists. ; manussā pana=but people. ; appaviṭṭhā=have not yet entered. ; (This is also not called a village). ; porāṇakagāmaṃ vā=or an old village. ; sace=if. ; gehamo=only the houses. ; chaḍḍetvā=having abandoned. ; aññattha=elsewhere. ; gatā=they have gone. ; esa eso gāmo=this village. ; agāmoyeva=is not a village. ; sīmā=The boundary. ; ottarati=covers it. ; (In this case also, the boundary of non-separation can cover it. It becomes part of the great boundary.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if even a single family has moved in or has not left, it is a village, and the boundary does not cover it.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; ekampi kulaṃ=even a single family. ; paviṭṭhaṃ vā=has either entered. ; agataṃ 0ā=or has not left. ; atthi=there is. ; gāmoyeva=it is indeed called a village. ; sīmā=the boundary of non-separation. ; na ottharati=does not cover it. ; (It is meant that it must be a great boundary of common residence.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is the summary in this matter.

AI Translation Nissaya

ayaṃ=This which has been said. ; ettha=in the matter of agreeing upon a boundary. ; saṅkhepo=is the summary. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

162. This is the detailed explanation: Indeed, a monk wishing to bind a boundary should ask the monks in the nearby monasteries about the extent of the boundary of each monastery. Having set aside the intermediate space for the boundaries of monasteries with already bound boundaries, and the precinct for the boundaries of monasteries with unbound boundaries, the new boundary should be bound at a time when there is no travel by monks of the region. If monks wish to bind a boundary in a certain village area, a message should be sent to the monks in whatever monasteries with bound boundaries exist there, saying: 'We will bind a boundary today. You should not go out from the extent of your own boundary.'

AI Translation Nissaya

162. ayaṃ pana=This which will be said. ; vittāro=is the detailed explanation. ; sīmaṃ=a boundary. ; bandhatukāmenahi=Indeed, a monk wishing to bind. ; sāmantavihāresu=in the nearby monasteries. ; bhikkhū=the monks. ; tassa tassa viharassa=of each of those monasteries. ; sīmāparicchedaṃ=the extent of the boundary. ; pucchitvā=having asked. ; baddhasīmavihāranaṃ=of the monasteries with a bound boundary. ; vā=or of the monasteries with a bound boundary. ; sīmāya=of the boundary. ; sīntarikaṃ=the space between boundaries. ; vā=or the intermediate space. ; ṭhapetvā=having set aside. ; abaddhasīvihārānaṃ=of the monasteries with an unbound boundary. ; sīmāya=of the boundary. ; upacāraṃ=the precinct. ; ṭhapetvā‌=having set aside. ; (Meaning, a space for the boundary should be left). ; disācārikabhikkhūnaṃ=of monks travelling in the surrounding regions. ; nissañjārasamaye=at a time when travel is interrupted. ; sīmāya=the boundary. ; bandhitabbā=should be bound. ; (This is the connection). ; sace=if. ; ekasmiṃ=in one. ; gāmakhetta=village area. ; simaṃ=a boundary. ; bandhitukāmā=monks wishing to bind. ; (connects to pesetabbaṃ). ; tattha tasmiṃ gāmakhetta=in that village area. ; ye baddhasīmavihārā=whichever monasteries with a bound boundary. ; atti santi=there are. ; tesu vihāresu=in those monasteries. ; bhikkhūnaṃ=to the monks. ; (connects to pesetabbaṃ). ; “mayaṃ=We. ; ajja=today. ; sīmaṃ=a boundary. ; bandhisāma=will bind. ; tumhe=You. ; sakasīmāya paricchedato=from the extent of your own boundary. ; mā nikkhamitta=should not go out.” ; iti=thus. ; pesetabbaṃ=should be sent. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Regarding the monasteries with unbound boundaries, the monks in them should be assembled in one place. The consent of those eligible to give consent should be brought.

AI Translation Nissaya

ye vihārā=Whichever monasteries. ; abaddhasimā=have an unbound boundary. ; tesu vihāresu=in those monasteries. ; bhikkhu=the monks. ; ekajjhaṃ=in one place. ; sannipātetabbā=should be assembled. ; chandarahānaṃ=Of those who are eligible to give consent. ; (Take persons such as those attending the sick.). ; chando=the consent. ; āharāpetabbo=should be brought. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The Elder Mahāsuma said: 'If they wish to include other village areas within the boundary, the monks who reside in those villages should also come. The consent of those who do not come should be brought.'

AI Translation Nissaya

“sace=If. ; aññānipi vāmakhettāni=other village areas also. ; antokātukāmā=they wish to include within the boundary. ; tesu gāmesu=in those villages. ; ye bhikkhū=which monks. ; vasanti=reside. ; tehipi bhikkhūhi=those monks also. ; āgantabbaṃ=should come. ; anāgacchantānaṃ=Of those who do not come. ; chando=the consent. ; āharitabbo=should be brought.” ; iti=Thus. ; mahāsumattharo=the Elder Mahāsuma. ; āha=said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But the Elder Mahāpaduma, having said, 'Different village areas are individually like bound boundaries; the purity of consent does not come from them. But the monks who are within the boundary markers should come,' then said again, 'At the time of agreeing on the boundary for common residence, both coming and not coming is allowable. But at the time of agreeing on the boundary of non-separation, those within the boundary markers should come, and the consent of those not coming should be brought.'

AI Translation Nissaya

mahāpadumattharo pana=But the Elder Mahāpaduma. ; “nānāgāma khettāni nāma=Different village areas. ; pāṭiyettaṃ=are individually. ; baddhasimasadisāni=like bound boundaries. ; tato=From those individual village areas. ; chandapārisuddhi=the purity of giving consent. ; na āgacchati=does not come. ; antonimittagatehi=Those who are within the boundary markers. ; bhikkhūhi pana=but as for the monks. ; āgantabbaṃ=they should come.” ; iti=Thus. ; vatvā=having said. ; puna=again. ; “samānasaṃpāsasīmāsammannakāle=at the time of agreeing on the boundary for common residence. ; āganampi=both coming. ; anāgamanampi=and not coming. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ; adhippavāsasīmāsambannanakāle pana=But at the time of agreeing on the boundary of non-separation. ; antonimittagatehi=the monks within the boundary markers. ; āgantabbaṃ=should come. ; anāgacchantānaṃ=Of those who do not come. ; chando=the consent. ; āharitabbo=should be brought.” ; iti=Thus. ; āha=he said. ; (Among these two elder's views, the view of the Elder Suma is based on the idea that monasteries in a single village area without a bound boundary are considered together. The Elder Mahāpaduma first stated that different village areas are individually like bound boundaries, so the consent and purity of monks residing in those different village areas is not required. However, monks residing within the boundary markers must come as a matter of duty. When agreeing on a boundary for common residence, he said that both coming and not coming is allowed, because before the boundary is bound, the different village areas are separate boundaries. When agreeing on a boundary of non-separation, he said that monks residing within the boundary markers must come, and the consent of those who do not come must be brought, because once the boundary for common residence is agreed upon, it becomes a single boundary, and they must come to the act of newly agreeing on the boundary of non-separation.). ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, when the monks have assembled and the consent of those eligible has been brought, having stationed temple attendants and novices on the various roads, at river-crossings, village gates, etc., for the purpose of quickly bringing incoming monks into hand's reach or placing them outside the boundary, and having given a signal with a large drum or a conch shell, the boundary should be bound immediately after announcing the markers, by means of the formal act beginning with, 'Venerable sirs, may the Saṅgha listen to me.'

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; bhikkhūsu=the monks. ; sannipatitesu=when they have assembled. ; chandārahānaṃ=of those eligible to give consent. ; chande=the consents. ; āhate=when they have been brought. ; tesu tesu maggasu ca=on those various roads. ; nadītiṭṭhagāmadvārādīsu ca=and at river-crossings, village gates, etc.. ; āgantukabhikkhūnaṃ=for incoming monks. ; sīghaṃ sīghaṃ=very quickly. ; hatthapāsanayanatthañceva=both for the purpose of bringing them into hand's reach. ; bahisīmakaraṇattañca=and for the purpose of placing them outside the boundary. ; (Meaning, they should either be brought inside the boundary or made to stay outside the boundary). ; ārāmike ceva=temple attendants. ; samaṇuddese ca=and novices. ; ṭhapetvā=having stationed. ; terisaññaṃ vā=either a signal by a large drum. ; saṅkhasaññaṃ vā=or a signal by a conch shell. ; katvā=having made. ; nimittakittanānantaraṃ=immediately after the announcement of the boundary markers. ; vuttāya=by the afore-spoken. ; “suṇātu me bhante saṅgho” ti ādi kāya=beginning with 'Venerable sirs, may the Saṅgha listen to me'. ; kammavācāya=by the formal act. ; sīmā=the boundary. ; bandhitabbā=should be bound. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

At the very conclusion of the formal act, excluding the markers, the boundary is established, extending down to the water that supports the earth below.

AI Translation Nissaya

kammavācāpariyosāne yeva=Just at the conclusion of the formal act. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; bahikatvā=having been excluded. ; heṭṭhā=below. ; pathavīsandhārakaṃ=the earth-supporting. ; udakariyantaṃ=down to the water limit. ; katvā=having made. ; sīmā=the boundary. ; gatā=goes down. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

163. By the monks wishing to agree upon this boundary for common residence, a chapter house boundary (khaṇḍasīmā) should first be bound for the purpose of making it easy to perform formal acts of the Saṅgha such as going forth and higher ordination.

AI Translation Nissaya

163. idaṃ pana samānasaṃvāsakasīmaṃ=this boundary for common residence. ; sammannāti=by the monks wishing to agree upon. ; pabbajjūpasampadādīnaṃ=of going forth, higher ordination, etc.. ; saṅghasammānaṃ=of the formal acts of the Saṅgha. ; sukhakaraṇatthaṃ=for the purpose of making them easy to perform. ; paṭhamaṃ=first. ; **khaṇḍasīmā**=a chapter house boundary. ; bandhitabbā=should be bound. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But the monks who are binding it should know the proper procedure.

AI Translation Nissaya

taṃ pana khaṇḍasīmaṃ=But that chapter house boundary. ; bandhantehi=by the monks who are binding. ; vattaṃ=the duty. ; janitabbaṃ=should be known. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they are binding it in a completed monastery where all the structures like Bodhi-trees, cetiyas, and dining halls have been established, they should not bind it in the middle of the monastery in the assembly place of many people, but should bind it at the edge of the monastery in a secluded place.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi kathaṃ=How so?. ; sace=If. ; bodhicetiyabhattasāladīni=Bodhi-trees, cetiyas, dining halls, etc.. ; sabbavatthūni=all the structures. ; patiṭṭhāpetvā=having established. ; katavihāre=in a completed monastery. ; bandhanti=they bind it. ; vihāramajjhe=in the middle of the monastery. ; bahūnaṃ=of many people. ; samosaraṇaṭṭhāne=in the assembly place. ; abandhitvā=not binding. ; vihārapaccante=at the edge of the monastery. ; vivittokāse=in a secluded place. ; bandhitabbā=it should be bound. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When binding it in an uncompleted monastery, the monks should mark out the location for all the structures like Bodhi-trees and cetiyas, and bind it in such a way that, among the structures when they are established, it will be at the edge of the monastery in a secluded place.

AI Translation Nissaya

akatavihāre=In an uncompleted monastery. ; bandhantehi=by the monks who are binding. ; bodhicetī yādīnaṃ=of the Bodhi-trees, cetiyas, etc.. ; sabbavatthūnaṃ=of all the structures. ; ṭhānaṃ=the location. ; sallakkhetvā=having marked out. ; yathā=so that. ; patiṭṭhitesu=when they are established. ; vatthūsu=among the structures. ; vihārapaccante=at the edge of the monastery. ; vivittokāse=in a secluded place. ; hoti=it will be. ; evaṃ tathā=in such a way. ; bandhitabbā=it should be bound. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If that chapter house boundary, at its minimum size, can hold twenty-one monks, it is allowable. Less than that is not allowable. Beyond that, even if it holds a thousand monks, it is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

sā khaṇḍasimā=That chapter house boundary. ; heṭṭhimaparicchedena=with its minimum size. ; sace=if. ; ekavīsati bhikkhū=twenty-one monks. ; gaṇhāti=it holds. ; vaṭṭati=it is allowable. ; tato oraṃ=Less than that. ; na vaṭṭati=is not allowable. ; paraṃ=Beyond that. ; bhikkhusahassaṃ=a thousand monks. ; gaṇhantīpi=even if it holds. ; vaṭṭati=it is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When binding it, stones that are the boundary markers should be placed around the outer area of the sīmā building. A great sīmā should not be bound by those standing in an accessory sīmā, nor should an accessory sīmā be bound by those standing in a great sīmā. Rather, an accessory sīmā should be bound only after standing in that same accessory sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

taṃ khaṇḍasīmaṃ=to that accessory sīmā. ; bandhante hi=by those binding. ; sīkhamāḷakassa=of the outer area of the sīmā. ; samantā=around. ; nimittupavā=being the boundary markers. ; pāsāṇā=stones. ; ṭhapetabbā=should be placed. ; khaṇḍasīmāya=in the accessory sīmā. ; ṭhitehi=by the monks standing. ; mahāsīmā=the great sīmā. ; (Meaning the great sīmā.) ; na bantitabbā=should not be bound. ; mahāsīmāya=in the great sīmā. ; ṭhitehi=by those standing. ; khaṇḍasīmā=the accessory sīmā. ; na bantitabbā=should not be bound. ; khaṇḍasījāyameva=only in the accessory sīmā. ; ṭhatvā=having stood. ; (The word 'pana' is an emphatic particle.) ; khaṇḍasīmā=the accessory sīmā. ; bandhitabbā=should be bound. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Herein, this is the procedure for binding: having announced the markers all around, saying "This stone is the marker," the sīmā should be agreed upon by means of a formal act (kammavācā).

AI Translation Nissaya

tatra vacane=In that matter. ; ayaṃ=this. ; bandhanavidhi=is the procedure for binding. ; samantā="This stone is the marker," thus. ; evaṃ=in this way. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; kammavācāya=with a formal act (kammavācā). ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; sammannitabbā=should be agreed upon. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, for the purpose of making that very sīmā firm, the formal act of non-separation (avippavāsa-kammavācā) should be performed.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha pacchā=Then afterwards. ; tassā eva sīmāya=for that very sīmā which has been established. ; daḷhīkammatthaṃ=for the purpose of making it firm. ; adhippavāsakammāvācā=the formal act of non-separation (avippavāsa). ; kātabbā=should be done. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For when this is done, those who come saying, "We will remove the sīmā," will not be able to remove it.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi kathaṃ=For what reason?. ; evaṃ sati=When this is so, when the avippavāsa-kammavācā is performed. ; “sīmaṃ=the sīmā. ; samūhanissāmā”ti="We will remove". ; āgatā=the monks who have come. ; samūhanituṃ=to remove. ; na sakkhissanti=they will not be able. ; (This is said referring to those with ill-will. If monks with ill-will, knowing that an avippavāsa-sīmā has not been established, try to remove only the samānasaṃvāsaka-sīmā, they will not be able to. However, if they first remove the avippavāsa-sīmā and then try to remove the samānasaṃvāsaka-sīmā, they will be able to remove it.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Having agreed upon the sīmā, the intermediate boundary stones should be placed outside.

AI Translation Nissaya

sīmaṃ=the sīmā. ; sammannitvā=having agreed upon. ; bahi=outside. ; sīmantarikapāsāṇā=the intermediate boundary stones. ; ṭhapetabbā=should be placed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

The intermediate boundary stones are, at a minimum, at a distance of one ratana (cubit); this is proper.

AI Translation Nissaya

bahi=outside. ; sīmantarikā=The intermediate boundary stones. ; vā=or the intermediate boundary stones. ; pacchi makoṭiyā=at a minimum. ; ekaratanappamāṇā=are at a distance of one ratana (cubit). ; vaṭṭati=it is proper. ; (This is according to the Mahā-aṭṭhakathā.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

In the Kurundī commentary it is said, "Even a distance of a span is proper," and in the Mahāpaccarī it is said, "Even a distance of four finger-breadths is proper."

AI Translation Nissaya

“vidappamāṇāpi=Even a span (vidatthi). ; vaṭatī”ti=is proper, thus. ; **kurundiyaṃ**=in the Kurundī commentary. ; vuttaṃ=it is said.” ; caturaṅgusappamāṇāpi=Even a distance of four finger-breadths. ; vaṭatī”ti=is proper, thus. ; **mahāpaccariyaṃ**=in the Mahāpaccarī commentary. ; vuttaṃ=it is said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if the monastery is large, two, three, or even more accessory sīmās should be bound.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; vihāro=the monastery. ; mahā=is large. ; hoti=it is. ; dvepi tissopi=two or three sīmās, or. ; tatuttarimmi=even more than that. ; khaṇḍasīmāyo=accessory sīmās. ; bandhitabbā=should be bound. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Thus, having established the accessory sīmā, at the time of establishing the great sīmā, one should exit the accessory sīmā, stand in the great sīmā, and, going around in succession, announce the intermediate boundary stones. Then, having announced the remaining markers, while not leaving the area within arm's reach, one should agree upon the sīmā of common communion (samānasaṃvāsaka-sīmā) by a formal act. To make it firm, the formal act of non-separation (avippavāsa-kammavācā) should also be performed.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; khaṇḍasimaṃ=the accessory sīmā. ; sammannitvā=having agreed upon. ; mahāsīmasammutikāle=at the time of establishing the great sīmā. ; khaṇḍasīmato=from the accessory sīmā. ; nikkhamitvā=having gone out. ; mahāsīmāyaṃ=in the great sīmā. ; ṭhatvā=having stood. ; samantā=all around. ; anupariyāyantehi=by those going around in succession. ; sīkhantarikapāsāṇā=the intermediate boundary stones. ; kittetabbā=should be announced. ; (The 'sīmantarika' separates the accessory sīmā and the great sīmā. Both the accessory sīmā and the great sīmā are 'samānasaṃvāsaka-sīmā'. For the ease of performing major and minor acts, establishing a small sīmā at the edge is called an accessory sīmā. Establishing a large one as desired for the Uposatha of common communion is called a great sīmā.) ; tato=after that, after the intermediate stones. ; avasesanamittāni=the remaining markers of the great sīmā. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; hatthapāsaṃ=within arm's reach. ; avijahantehi=by those not abandoning. ; kammavācāya=by a formal act. ; samānasaṃvāsakasīmaṃ=the sīmā of common communion. ; sammannitvā=having agreed upon. ; tassā sīmāya=of that sīmā of common communion. ; daḷhīkammatthaṃ=for the purpose of making firm. ; avippavāsa kammavācāpi=the formal act of non-separation also. ; kātabbā=should be done. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For thus, when the formal act of non-separation has been recited, those who come saying, "We will remove the sīmā," will not be able to remove it.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi kathaṃ payojanaṃ=For what reason?. ; evaṃ=Thus. ; avippavāsa kammavācā=when the formal act of non-separation has been recited. ; “sīmaṃ=the sīmā. ; samūhanissāmā”ti="We will remove". ; ātā=the monks who have come. ; samūhanituṃ=to remove. ; na sakkhissanti=will not be able. ; (Here too, the reason for not being able to remove it should be understood as before.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if they announce the markers of the accessory sīmā, then announce the markers of the intermediate area, and then announce the markers of the great sīmā—thus having announced the markers in three places—it is proper to first bind whichever sīmā they wish.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; khaṇḍasīmāya=of the accessory sīmā. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; tato=from that. ; sīmantarikāya=of the intermediate area. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; mahāsīmāya=of the great sīmā. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; kittenti=they announce. ; evaṃ=Thus. ; tīsu ṭhānesu=in three places. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; yaṃ simaṃ=whatever sīmā. ; icchanti=they wish. ; taṃ simaṃ=that sīmā. ; paṭhamaṃ=first. ; bandhituṃ=to bind. ; vaṭṭati=is proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Even so, it should be bound starting from the accessory sīmā, according to the method described.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ santepi=Even so. ; yathāvuttanayena=according to the method described. ; khaṇḍasīmato ca=from the accessory sīmā. ; paṭṭhāya=starting. ; bandhitabbā=it should be bound. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But when the sīmās have been bound in this way, monks standing in the accessory sīmā do not invalidate a formal act for those performing it in the great sīmā, nor do those standing in the great sīmā for those performing it in the accessory sīmā. But those standing in the intermediate area do not invalidate it for either of the two.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=as was said. ; baddhāsu=having been bound. ; simāsu pana=But among the sīmās. ; khaṇḍasīmāya=in the accessory sīmā. ; ṭhitā=standing. ; bhikkhū=the monks. ; mahāsīmāya=in the great sīmā. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; karontānaṃ=for those performing. ; na kopenti=do not invalidate. ; mahāsimāya vā=or in the great sīmā. ; ṭhitā=standing. ; bhikkhū=the monks. ; khaṇḍasimāya=in the accessory sīmā. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; karontānaṃ=for those performing. ; na kopenti=do not invalidate. ; samantarikāya=in the intermediate area. ; ṭhitā pana=But the monks standing. ; utinnampi=for the monks standing in both sīmās. ; na kopenti=do not invalidate. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But for those performing a formal act while standing in a village area, those standing in the intermediate area invalidate it.

AI Translation Nissaya

gāmakhette=in the village area. ; ṭhatvā=having stood. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; karontānaṃ pana=but for those performing. ; sīmantarikāya=in the intermediate area. ; ṭhitā=those who are standing. ; kopenti=invalidate. ; ('Gāmakhetta' is the name for that division. 'Gāma', for a village with a boundary wall, is the wall itself. For a village without a wall, the teachers say that the area deserving of a boundary wall is called 'gāma'. Gāmakhettaṃ is 'gāmassa khettaṃ'. This is the etymology: gāmassa=of the village. khettaṃ=is the field. gāmakhettaṃ=the field of the village; they say they do not want to form a karmadhāraya compound with gāma and khetta, but rather a tappurisa.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This is because the intermediate area pertains to the village area.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi kasmā=Because. ; sīmantarikā=the intermediate area. ; gāmakhettaṃ=the village area. ; bhajati=pertains to. ; tasmā=Therefore. ; kopenti=they invalidate it. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

This which is called a sīmā is not called 'bound' only when it is bound on the surface of the earth; but in truth, when it is bound on a stone slab, in a hut, in a cave, in a storied building, or on a mountain top, it is indeed bound.

AI Translation Nissaya

esā ca sīmā nāma=This which is called a sīmā. ; kevalaṃ=only. ; pathavītale yeva=on the surface of the earth. ; baddhā=when bound. ; baddhā nama=is called bound. ; na hoti=is not. ; atha kho saccato=but in truth. ; piṭṭhipāsāṇapi=on a stone slab. ; kuṭigehepi=in a hut. ; (Meaning in a hut with an earthen floor.) ; leṇepi=in a cave. ; pāsāṇepi=in a storied building. ; pabbatamattakepi=on a mountain top. ; baddhā=when it is bound. ; baddhāyeva=it is indeed bound. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Among those places, when binding a sīmā on a stone slab, the monks should not make a marker by carving a line or digging a small hole on the surface of the stone slab; instead, having placed stones suitable for markers, they should announce the markers.

AI Translation Nissaya

tattha=Among those aforementioned places. ; **piṭṭhipāsāṇe**=on a stone slab. ; bandhantehi=by monks who are binding. ; pāsāṇapiṭṭhiyaṃ=on the surface of the stone slab. ; rājiṃ vā=a line. ; koṭṭetvā=having carved. ; (Also meaning having scraped.) ; udukkhalaṃ vā=or a small hole. ; khaṇitvā=having dug. ; nimittaṃ=a marker. ; na kātabbaṃ=should not be made. ; nimittupagapāsāṇe=stones suitable for markers. ; ṭhapetvā=having placed. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; kitte tabbāni=should be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

At the conclusion of the formal act (kammavācā), the sīmā descends, extending down to the water that supports the earth.

AI Translation Nissaya

kammavādapariyosāne=At the conclusion of the formal act (kammavācā). ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; pathavīsandhārakaṃ=which supports the earth. ; udakariyantaṃ=ending at the water. ; katvā=having made. ; otarati=descends. ; (This means it descends through the entire 240,000 yojanas of the earth's thickness.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Because the marker stones may not stay in their original place, a line should be caused to be carved all around, or stones should be pierced at the four corners, or, saying, "This is the boundary of the sīmā," letters should be carved.

AI Translation Nissaya

nimittapāsāṇā=The marker stones. ; yathāṭhāne=in their original place. ; vā=or as placed. ; yasmā=because. ; na tiṭṭhanti=do not stay. ; tasmā=Therefore. ; samantato=all around. ; rāji vā=a line. ; upaṭṭhāpetabbā=should be caused to be carved. ; catūsu vā koṇesu=or at the four corners. ; pāsāṇā=stones. ; vijjhitabbā=should be pierced. ; “ayaṃ=This carving. ; sīmāparicchedo=is the boundary of the sīmā.” ; iti=thus. ; vatvā=having said. ; akkharāni vā=or letters. ; chinditabbāni=should be carved. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Some envious people may set a fire, saying, "We will burn the sīmā"; only the stones will be burned, not the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

keci=some. ; usūyakā=envious people. ; “sīmaṃ=the sīmā. ; jhāpessāmā” ti="We will burn," thus. ; aggiṃ=fire. ; denti=they may set. ; pāsāṇāva=Only the stones. ; jhāyanti=will be burned. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; na jhāyati=will not be burned. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Also in a hut, the monks binding it should do so without announcing the wall as a marker, but by including the space for twenty-one monks, placing stone markers, and agreeing upon the sīmā. The sīmā is only that which is within the posts.

AI Translation Nissaya

**kuṭigehepi**=Also in a hut. ; (Meaning an earthen hut.) ; bandhantehi=by those binding. ; bhittiṃ=the wall. ; akittetvā=without announcing. ; ekavīsatiyā bhikkhūnaṃ=of twenty-one monks. ; okāsaṭṭhānaṃ=the space. ; antokaritvā=having included. ; pāsāṇanimittāni=the stone markers. ; ṭhapetvā=having placed. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; sammannitabbā=should be agreed upon. ; antokuṭṭameva=Only within the posts. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; hoti=is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If there is not enough space for twenty-one monks within the posts, it should be agreed upon by placing the marker stones at the front of the hut.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; antokuṭṭe=within the posts. ; ekavīsatiyā bhikkhūnaṃ=for twenty-one monks. ; okāso=space. ; natthi=there is not. ; pamukhe=at the front of the hut. ; nimittapāsāṇe=the marker stones. ; ṭhapetvā=having placed. ; sammannitabbā=should be agreed upon. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If even this is not sufficient, it should be agreed upon by placing the markers outside, even at the place where the eaves-drip falls.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; evampi=even with this arrangement. ; nappahoti=it is not sufficient. ; bahi=outside. ; nibbodakapatanaṭṭhānepi=even at the place where the eaves-drip falls. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; ṭhapetvā=having placed. ; sammannitabbā=should be agreed upon. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When it is agreed upon in this way, the entire hut is within the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; sammatāya pana=when it is agreed upon. ; sabbaṃ=all. ; kuṭigehaṃ=the hut. ; sīmaṭṭhameva=is within the sīmā. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Also in a cave with four walls, those binding it should announce only the stones, not the walls. If there is not sufficient space inside, the markers should also be placed at the front. Thus, both the inside and the outside of the cave-dwelling become the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

**catubhittiyaleṇapi**=Also in a cave with four walls. ; bandhantehi=by those binding. ; kuṭvaṃ=the wall. ; akittetvā=without announcing. ; pāsāṇāva=only the stones. ; kittetabbā=should be announced. ; anto=inside. ; okāse=sufficient space. ; asati=if there is not. ; pamukhepi=also at the front. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; ṭhapetabbāni=should be placed. ; evaṃ=Thus. ; leṇassa=of the cave-dwelling. ; anto ca=the inside. ; bahi ca=and the outside. ; sīmā=a sīmā. ; hoti=becomes. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Also on an upper floor of a storied building, without announcing the wall as a marker, the sīmā should be agreed upon after placing the stones inside.

AI Translation Nissaya

**uparipāsādepi**=Also on an upper floor of a storied building. ; bhittiṃ=the wall. ; akittetvā=without announcing. ; anto=inside. ; pāsāṇe=the stones. ; ṭhapetvā=having placed. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; sammantitabbā=should be agreed upon. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If it is not sufficient, it should be agreed upon by placing the stones also at the front.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; nappahoti=it is not sufficient. ; pamukhepi=also at the front. ; pāsāṇe=the stones. ; ṭhapetvā=having placed. ; sambannitabbā=should be agreed upon. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A sīmā agreed upon in this way exists only on the upper floor; it does not descend downwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; sammatā=a sīmā agreed upon. ; uparīdāsādeyava=is only on the upper floor. ; hoti=it is. ; heṭṭhā=downwards. ; na otarati=it does not descend. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if, in a storied building made on many pillars and beams, a wall on the lower floor is inside the markers, and in this way, having risen, it is connected as one with the beams, it also descends downwards. But for a sīmā bound on the upper floor of a storied building with only a single pillar...

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; bahūsu=many. ; thambhesu=on pillars. ; tusānaṃ=of the beams. ; upari=above. ; katapāsādassa=of a storied building that has been made. ; heṭṭhimatale=on the lower floor. ; kuṭṭo=a wall. ; yathā=in such a way. ; nimittānaṃ=of the markers. ; anto=inside. ; hoti=it is. ; evaṃ=in this way. ; uṭṭhahitvā=having risen. ; tulārukkhehi=with the beams. ; (Also give: with the short supporting posts.) ; ekasambanno=is connected as one. ; ṭhito=it stands. ; heṭṭhāpi=also downwards. ; otarati=it descends. ; ekathambhapāsadassa pana=but of a storied building with only a single pillar. ; uparimatale=on the upper floor. ; baddhā=bound. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

...if there is sufficient space for twenty-one monks on top of the pillar, it descends downwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; thambhamattake=on top of the pillar. ; ekavīsatiyā bhikkhūnaṃ=for twenty-one monks. ; okāso=there is sufficient space. ; hoti=there is. ; heṭṭhā=downwards. ; otarati=it descends. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they bind the sīmā by placing stones on the projecting beam-ends and so forth from the wall of the storied building, the wall of the storied building is inside the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; pāsādabhittito=from the wall of the storied building. ; niggatesu=projecting. ; niyyutakādīsu=on beam-ends and so forth. ; (Also give: on projecting gables, etc.) ; pāsāṇe=the stones. ; ṭhapetvā=having placed. ; sīmaṃ=the sīmā. ; bandhanti=they bind. ; pāsādabhitti=the wall of the storied building. ; antosīmāya=is inside the sīmā. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But whether it descends downwards or not should be understood only by the method already described.

AI Translation Nissaya

assa pāsādassa=of this storied building. ; heṭṭhā pana=But downwards. ; otaraṇānotaraṇaṃ=whether it descends or not. ; vuttanayeneva=only by the method described. ; veditabbaṃ=should be known. ; (The meaning is: if there is enough space for twenty-one monks, it descends; if there is not enough space, it does not descend.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When announcing markers on a lower floor of a storied building, neither the wall nor wooden pillars should be announced; but it is proper to announce stone pillars that are attached to the wall.

AI Translation Nissaya

heṭṭhāpāsāde=On a lower floor of a storied building. ; kittentehipi=even by those announcing. ; bhitti ca=the wall. ; rukkhatthambhā ca=and wooden pillars. ; na kittetabbā=should not be announced. ; bhittilagge=attached to the wall. ; pāsāṇatthambhe pana=But stone pillars. ; kittetuṃ=to announce. ; vaṭṭati=is proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

A sīmā announced in this way is only inside the peripheral pillars of the lower floor of the storied building.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Thus. ; kittitā=announced. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; pāsādassa=of the storied building. ; heṭṭhā=on the lower floor. ; pariyantathambhānaṃ=of the peripheral pillars. ; antoyeva=is only inside. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if a wall on the lower floor of the storied building is connected with the upper floor, it also ascends to the upper floor.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; pāsadassa=of the storied building. ; heṭṭhā=on the lower floor. ; kuṭṭo=a wall. ; uparimatasena=with the upper floor. ; sambaddho=is connected. ; hoti=it is. ; uparipāsādampi=to the upper floor of the storied building also. ; abhiruhati=it ascends. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they make the markers outside the storied building at the place where the eaves-drip falls, the entire storied building is within the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; pāsādassa=of the storied building. ; bahi=outside. ; nibbodakapatanaṭṭhāne=at the place where the eaves-drip falls. ; nimittāni=the markers. ; karonti=they make. ; sabbo=the entire. ; pāsādo=storied building. ; sīmaṭṭho=is within the sīmā. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If there is a surface on a mountain top suitable for accommodating twenty-one monks, and they bind a sīmā there as on a stone slab, the sīmā descends also onto the mountain below with those same boundaries.

AI Translation Nissaya

**pabbatamatthake**=On a mountain top. ; alaṃ=if the surface. ; hoti=is. ; ekavīsatiyā bhikkhūnaṃ=for twenty-one monks. ; okāsārahaṃ=suitable for space. ; hoti=it is. ; tattha=there on that mountain top. ; piṭṭhipāsāṇe viya=like on a stone slab. ; samaṃ=a sīmā. ; bandhanti=they bind. ; heṭṭhāpabbatepi=also on the mountain below. ; teneva paricchedena=with that same boundary. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; otarati=descends. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Also on a mountain shaped like the root of a palm tree, a sīmā bound above certainly descends downwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

tālamūlakapabbatepi=Also on a mountain shaped like the root of a palm tree. ; upari=above. ; baddhā=a bound. ; sīmā=sīmā. ; heṭṭhā=downwards. ; otarateva=certainly descends. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But for that mountain which has the shape of a canopy, where there is space for twenty-one monks above but not below, a sīmā bound on top of it does not descend downwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

yo pana pabbato=But that mountain which. ; vitānasaṇṭhāno=has the shape of a canopy. ; hoti=is. ; upari=above. ; ekavīsatiyā bhikkhūnaṃ=for twenty-one monks. ; okāso=there is space. ; atthi=there is. ; heṭṭhā=below. ; natthi=there is not. ; tassa pabbatassa=of that mountain. ; upari=above. ; baddhā=a bound. ; sīmā=sīmā. ; heṭṭhā=downwards. ; na otarati=does not descend. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Similarly, whether it has the shape of a mudiṅga drum or a paṇava drum, if a mountain does not have the required measure for a sīmā either at its base or in its middle, a sīmā bound on its top does not descend downwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Similarly. ; mudiṅgasaṇṭhāno 0ā=whether it has the shape of a mudiṅga drum. ; hotu=let it be. ; paṇavasaṇṭhāno vā=or whether it has the shape of a paṇava drum. ; hotu=let it be. ; yassa pabbatassa=of which mountain. ; heṭṭhā vā=either below. ; majjhe vā=or in the middle. ; sīmappamāṇaṃ=the measure for a sīmā. ; natti=there is not. ; tassa pabbatassa=of that mountain. ; upari=above. ; baddhā=a bound. ; sīmā=sīmā. ; heṭṭhā=downwards. ; na otarati=does not descend. ; (The shape of a paṇava drum is large at the ends and narrow in the middle. A mudiṅga drum is large in the middle and narrow at the ends. Here, it refers to a mountain that is narrow at its base.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But for a mountain which has two peaks standing nearby, and on top of neither is there sufficient measure for a sīmā, a sīmā should be agreed upon on top after making the space between the two peaks into one continuous surface by building it up or filling it in.

AI Translation Nissaya

yassa pana pabbatassa=But of that mountain. ; dve kūṭāni=two peaks. ; āsanne=nearby. ; ṭhitāni=stand. ; ekassapi=of even one. ; upari=on top. ; sīmappamāṇaṃ=the measure for a sīmā. ; nappahoti=is not sufficient. ; tassa pabbatassa=of that mountain. ; kūṭantaraṃ=the space between the two peaks. ; cinitvā vā=by building up. ; pūretvā 0ā=or by filling. ; ekābaddhaṃ=as one continuous surface. ; katvā=having made. ; upari=on top. ; sīmā=a sīmā. ; sammannitabbā=should be agreed upon. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

There may be a mountain resembling a snake's hood. If, due to there being sufficient measure on top of it, they bind a sīmā, but below it there is a hollow slope (an overhang), the sīmā does not descend.

AI Translation Nissaya

sappaphaṇasadiso=resembling a snake's hood. ; eko=one. ; pabbato=mountain. ; hoti=there may be. ; tassa pabbatassa=of that mountain. ; upari=on top. ; sīmappamāṇassa=of the measure required to establish a sīmā. ; atthitāya=due to the existence. ; sīmaṃ=a sīmā. ; bandhanti=they bind. ; ce=If. ; tassa pabbatassa=of that mountain. ; heṭṭhā=below. ; ākāsapabbhāraṃ=there is a hollow slope (an overhang). ; hoti=there is. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; na otarati=does not descend. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if, in the middle of this mountain, there is a hollow rock that has the measure of a sīmā, it descends, and that rock is indeed within the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; assa pabbatassa=of this mountain. ; vemajjhe=in the middle. ; sīmappamāṇo=having the measure of a sīmā. ; susirapāsāṇo=there is a hollow rock. ; hoti=there is. ; otarati=it descends. ; so ca pāsāṇo=And that rock. ; sīmaṭṭhoyeva=is indeed within the sīmā. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Moreover, if a projection from a cave below that mountain resembling a snake's hood reaches or touches its highest point, the sīmā descends, and it is indeed a sīmā both below and above.

AI Translation Nissaya

athāpi yadi=Moreover, if. ; assa sappaphaṇasadisabbatassa=of that mountain resembling a snake's hood. ; heṭṭhā=below. ; leṇassa=of a cave. ; kuṭṭo=the projection. ; aggakoṭiṃ=the highest point. ; āhacca=having reached. ; vā=or touched. ; tiṭṭhati=it stands. ; otarati=it descends. ; heṭṭhā ca=both below. ; upari ca=and above. ; sīmāyeva=it is indeed a sīmā. ; hoti=it is. ; (This means it descends because the projection of the lower cave and the mountain's edge touch each other.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if, at the base of the mountain, there is a cave extending inwards from a point outside the boundary of the sīmā established above, the sīmā does not descend outwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=But if. ; heṭṭhā=at the base of the lower mountain. ; uparimassa=established above. ; sīmāparicchedassa=of the boundary markers of the sīmā. ; pārato=from outside. ; anto=inwards. ; leṇaṃ=a cave. ; hoti=there is. ; bahi=outward. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; na otarati=does not descend. ; (Here, one should take the inside and outside of the crooked mountain. The meaning is: if there is a cave that goes inward from a point at the base of the mountain which is outside the sīmā established above, then the sīmā from above does not descend into that cave at the base of the mountain which is not directly underneath it.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Moreover, if there is a cave extending outwards from within the boundary of the sīmā established above, the sīmā does not descend inwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

athāpi yadi=Moreover, if. ; uparimassa=established above. ; sīmāparicchedassa=of the sīmā markers. ; srarato=from inside the base of the mountain. ; bahi=outwards. ; seṇaṃ=a cave. ; hoti=there is. ; anto=to the cave at the base of the inner mountain. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; na otarati=does not descend. ; (This is also like the previous case; only the inside and outside are different. The meaning is: if there is a cave that goes outwards from inside the base of the mountain which is not directly underneath the sīmā established above, the sīmā does not descend into the cave in the inner part because it is not directly underneath.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Moreover, if the boundary of the upper sīmā is small, and below it there is a large cave that extends beyond the boundary of the sīmā, the sīmā exists only on the mountain above and does not descend downwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

athāpi yadi=Moreover, if. ; upari sīmā=of the upper sīmā. ; paricchedo=the boundary. ; khuddako=is small. ; heṭṭhā=below. ; leṇaṃ=a cave. ; mahantaṃ=is large. ; sīmāparicchedaṃ=the boundary of the upper sīmā. ; atikkamitvā=having surpassed. ; ṭhitaṃ=it stands. ; simāparicchedaṃ=The boundary of the sīmā. ; upariyeva=is only on the mountain above. ; hoti=it is. ; heṭṭhā=downwards. ; na otarati=it does not descend. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if the cave is small, having the minimum measure for a sīmā, and the large sīmā above stands covering it, the sīmā descends.

AI Translation Nissaya

yadi=If. ; leṇaṃ pana=but the cave. ; khuddakaṃ=is small. ; sabbapacchimasīmāparimāṇaṃ=it has the minimum measure of all sīmās. ; (Take it as being large enough for twenty-one monks to stay.) ; upari=above. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; mahatī”=is large. ; naṃ leṇaṃ=that cave. ; ajjhottharitvā=having covered. ; ṭhitā=it stands. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; otarati=descends. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If the cave is very small and does not have the measure of a sīmā, the sīmā is only above and does not descend downwards.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha yadi=If. ; leṇaṃ=the cave. ; atikhuddakaṃ=is very small. ; sīmappamāṇaṃ=the measure of a sīmā. ; na hoti=it does not have. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; upariyeva=is only above. ; hoti=it is. ; heṭṭhā=downwards. ; na otarati=it does not descend. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If half of that established sīmā breaks off and falls, even if it has the measure of a sīmā, the part that has fallen outside is not a sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; tato sīmato=from that established sīmā. ; upaḍḍhaṃ=half. ; bhijjitvā=having broken off. ; patati=falls. ; ce=if. ; sīmappamāṇampi=it has the measure of a sīmā. ; hoti=it is. ; bahi=outward. ; vā=or outside the markers. ; patitaṃ=the half of the sīmā which has fallen. ; asīmā=is not a sīmā. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if the half that has not fallen has the measure of a sīmā, it is indeed a sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

apakitaṃ pana=But the half of the sīmā that has not fallen. ; yadi=if. ; sīmappamāṇaṃ=it has the measure of a sīmā. ; sīmā=a sīmā. ; hoti yeva=it is indeed. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If an accessory sīmā has a low foundation and they fill it in to make a high foundation, it is still a sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

khaṇḍasīmā ca=And an accessory sīmā. ; nīcavatthukā=has a low foundation. ; hoti=it is. ; taṃ nīcavatthukaṃ=that low foundation. ; pūretvā=having filled. ; uccavatthukaṃ=a high foundation. ; karonti=they make. ; sīmāyeva=it is still a sīmā. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they build a sīmā building in the sīmā, it is indeed within the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

sīmāya=In the sīmā. ; gehaṃ=a sīmā building. ; karonti=they build. ; sīmaṭṭhakameva=it is indeed within the sīmā. ; hoti=it is. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If they dig a pond in the sīmā, it is still a sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

sīmāya=In the sīmā. ; pokkharaṇiṃ=a pond. ; khaṇanti=they dig. ; sīmāyeva=it is still a sīmā. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If a flood covers the area of the sīmā and flows over it, it is proper to perform a formal act by building a scaffold in the outer area of the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

ogho=A flood. ; sīmāmaṇḍaṃlaṃ=the area of the sīmā. ; ottharitvā=having covered. ; gacchati=flows. ; sīmāmāḷake=in the outer area of the sīmā. ; aṭṭaṃ bandhitvā=having built a scaffold. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; kātuṃ=to perform. ; vaṭṭati=is proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If there is a submerged river beneath the sīmā, and a monk with psychic power sits there...

AI Translation Nissaya

sīmāya=of the sīmā. ; heṭṭhā=beneath. ; umaṅganadīhoti=there is. ; iddhimā=having psychic power. ; bhikkhu=a monk. ; tattha=in that river. ; nisīdati=sits. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

...if that river was there first and the sīmā was bound afterwards, he does not invalidate a formal act.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; sā nadī=that river. ; paṭṭhamaṃ=first. ; gatā=was there. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; gacchā=afterwards. ; baddhā=was bound. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; na kopeti=does not invalidate. ; (This means the river itself is the boundary of the sīmā.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But if the sīmā was bound first and the river came to be afterwards, he invalidates a formal act. But a monk who is standing on the earth's surface below certainly invalidates it.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha yadi=If. ; paṭhamaṃ=first. ; sīmā=the sīmā. ; baddhā=was bound. ; pacchā=afterwards. ; nadī=the river. ; gatā=came to be. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; kopeti=he invalidates. ; heṭṭhā=below. ; pathavītale=on the earth's surface. ; ṭhito pana=But a monk who is standing. ; kopetiyeva=certainly invalidates. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If there is a banyan tree in the outer area of the accessory sīmā, and a branch of that banyan tree or an aerial root growing from it stands touching the ground of the great sīmā or trees and so on growing there, a formal act should be done either after clearing the great sīmā, or those branches and aerial roots should be cut and made to be outside.

AI Translation Nissaya

sīmāmālake=in the outer area of the accessory sīmā. ; vaṭarukkho=a banyan tree. ; hoti=there is. ; tassa vaṭarukkhassa=of that banyan tree. ; sākhā vā=a branch. ; tato=from that banyan tree. ; niggatapāroho vā=or an aerial root that has grown out. ; mahāsīmāya=of the great sīmā. ; pathavītalaṃ vā=the earth's surface. ; tattha=in that great sīmā. ; jātarukkhādīni vā=or trees and so forth that have grown. ; ahecca=touching. ; tiṭṭhati=it stands. ; mahāsīmaṃ=the great sīmā. ; sodhetvā vā=or having cleared. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; kātabbaṃ=should be done. ; te vāsākhāpārohā=or those banyan branches and aerial roots. ; chinditvā=having cut. ; bahiṭṭhakā=standing outside. ; kātabbā=should be made. ; (Here, 'clearing the great sīmā' means to have the monks in the great sīmā either enter within arm's reach or stay outside the great sīmā.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Monks who have climbed onto branches and so on that are standing without touching should be brought into arm's reach.

AI Translation Nissaya

anāhacca=without touching. ; ṭhitasākhādīsu=on branches, etc., that are standing. ; āraḷhabhikkhū=monks who have climbed. ; hatthapāsaṃ=into arm's reach. ; ānetabbā=should be brought. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Similarly, if a branch or an aerial root of a tree grown in the great sīmā is established in the outer area of the accessory sīmā, according to the method described, a formal act should be performed either after clearing the accessory sīmā, or those branches and aerial roots should be cut and made to be outside the sīmā.

AI Translation Nissaya

evaṃ=Similarly. ; mahāsīmāya=in the great sīmā. ; jātarukkhassa=of a tree that has grown. ; sākhā 0ā=a branch. ; pāroho vā=or an aerial root. ; vuttanayeneva=only by the method described. ; sīmāmāḷake=in the outer area of the sīmā. ; patiṭṭhāti=is established. ; vuttananeva=only by the method described. ; sīmaṃ=the accessory sīmā. ; sodhetvā=having cleared. ; kammaṃ vā=or a formal act. ; kātabbaṃ=should be done. ; te vā sākhāpārohā=or those branches and aerial roots. ; chinditvā=having cut. ; bahiṭṭhakā=standing outside the sīmā. ; kātabbā=should be made. ; (This latter method refers to performing the act while staying in the great sīmā.) ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If, while a formal act is being performed in the outer area of the great sīmā, some monk, having entered the outer area of the great sīmā, sits on a branch standing in the open space, and his feet touch the ground or his lower or upper robe touches the ground, it is not proper to perform the formal act.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; māḷake=in the outer area of the great sīmā. ; kamme=a formal act. ; kariyamāne=while being performed. ; koci=some. ; bhikkhu=monk. ; māḷatassa=of the outer area of the great sīmā. ; anto=into. ; pavisitvā=having entered. ; vehāsaṃ=in the open space. ; ṭhitasākhāya=on a standing branch. ; nisīdati=sits. ; (By 'ṭhitasākhā', take it as a branch extending into the accessory sīmā.) ; assa bhikkhuno=of that monk. ; pādā vā=his feet. ; bhūmigatā=touch the ground. ; honti=they are. ; nivāsanapārupanaṃ vā=or his lower or upper robe. ; bhūmiṃ=the ground. ; phusati=touches. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; kātuṃ=to perform. ; na vaṭṭati=is not proper. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

But it is proper to perform the formal act after having caused his feet and his lower and upper robes to be lifted up. And this characteristic should be understood also in the previous method.

AI Translation Nissaya

pāde ca=And the feet. ; (The word 'pana' is an emphatic particle.) ; nivāsana pāruvanañca=and the lower and upper robes. ; ukkhipāpetvā=having caused to be lifted up. ; kammaṃ=a formal act. ; kātuṃ=to perform. ; vaṭṭati=is proper. ; idañca lakkhaṇaṃ=And this characteristic just mentioned. ; purimanayepi=also in the previous method concerning the accessory sīmā. ; veditabbaṃ=should be understood. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, this is the distinction: there (in the partial boundary), it is not allowable to perform the act by having something lifted up; it must be brought only within hand-reach.

AI Translation Nissaya

ayaṃ pana=However, this. ; viseso=is the distinction. ; tatra=in that partial boundary. ; ukkhipāpetvā=having caused it to be lifted up. ; kātuṃ=to perform the act. ; na vaṭṭati=it is not allowable. ; hatthapāsameva=only into hand-reach. ; ānetabbo=should be brought. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If a mountain rises up from within the boundary, a monk standing there should be brought within hand-reach.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace=If. ; anto sīmato=from within the boundary. ; pabbato=a mountain. ; anuggacchati=rises up. ; vā=or ascends. ; tatraṭṭho=standing there. ; bhikkhu=a monk. ; hatthapāsaṃ=to within hand-reach. ; ānetabbo=should be brought. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Even when one has entered into the inside of a mountain by psychic power, this is the same method.

AI Translation Nissaya

iddhiyā=by psychic power. ; antopabbataṃ=into the inside of the mountain. ; paviṭṭhepi=even when having entered. ; eseva nayo=this is the same method. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, a boundary, while being established, does not extend to an unlimited area. In an established boundary, whatever has arisen and is connected to it anywhere by a single connection is counted as part of that boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi saccaṃ=Indeed. ; bajjhamānā eva sīmā=a boundary that is being established. ; pamāṇa rahitaṃ=unlimited. ; padesaṃ=place. ; na otarati=does not extend to. ; baddhāya sīmāya=in an established boundary. ; jātaṃ=what has arisen. ; yaṃ kiñci=whatever thing, such as a tree, branch, or river plank. ; yattha katthaci ṭhāne=in any place whatsoever. ; ekasambandhena=by a single connection. ; gataṃ=that has gone. ; simāsaṅkhyameva=is counted as part of the boundary. ; gacchati=it goes. ; iti=Thus. ; deditabbaṃ=it should be understood. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, when establishing a boundary with a maximum extent of three yojanas, one should stand in the middle and establish it in such a way that it is one and a half yojanas in each of the four directions.

AI Translation Nissaya

**tiyojanaparamaṃ**=which has a maximum extent of three yojanas. ; **sīmaṃ**=a great boundary. ; sambannantena pana=however, by one who is establishing. ; vā=or by one who wishes to establish. ; majjhe=in the middle. ; ṭhatvā=having stood. ; yathā=so that. ; catūsupi disāsu=in all four directions. ; diyaḍḍhadiyaḍḍhayojanaṃ=it is one and a half yojanas each. ; hoti=it is. ; evaṃ=in this way. ; sammannitabbā=it should be established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, if, having stood in the middle, they make it three yojanas from each direction, it is not allowable because it becomes six yojanas.

AI Translation Nissaya

sace pana=However, if. ; majjhe=in the middle. ; ṭhatvā=having stood. ; ekodisato=from each direction. ; tiyojanaṃ=three yojanas. ; karonti=they make. ; ta bhojanaṃ=it has an extent of six yojanas. ; hoti=it becomes. ; iti=because. ; na vaṭṭati=it is not allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

When establishing a square or a triangular boundary, it should be established in such a way that it is three yojanas from corner to corner.

AI Translation Nissaya

caturassaṃ vā=a square one or. ; tikoṇaṃ vā=a triangular one. ; sammannantena=by one who is establishing. ; yathā=so that. ; koṇato=from corner. ; koṇaṃ=to corner. ; tiyojanaṃ=it is three yojanas in length. ; hoti=it is. ; evaṃ=in this way. ; sammannitabbā=it should be established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Indeed, if one exceeds three yojanas by any extremity, even by the measure of a hair's tip, one incurs an offense and the boundary becomes a non-boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi saccaṃ=Indeed. ; sace=if. ; yena kenaci pariyantena=by any extremity whatsoever. ; kesaggamattampi=even by the measure of a hair's tip. ; tiyojanaṃ=three yojanas. ; atikkāmeti=one exceeds. ; āpattiñca=an offense. ; āvajjati=one incurs. ; sīmā ca=and the boundary. ; asīmā=is not a boundary. ; hoti=becomes. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

"Monks, a boundary spanning a river should not be established. Whoever should establish one, commits an offense of wrong-doing." Therefore, a boundary spanning a river should not be established.

AI Translation Nissaya

164. “bhikkhave=O monks. ; nadīpārasīmā=a boundary that spans a river. ; na sampajjitabbā=should not be established. ; yo bhikkhu=whatever monk. ; sammanneyya=should establish it. ; dukkaṭassa=of wrong-doing. ; āpatti=an offense. ; hoti=there is.” ; iti vacanato=Because of this. ; nadīpārasīmā=a boundary that spans a river. ; vā=or a boundary that can cover a river. ; na sammannitabbā=should not be established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, where there is a permanent boat or a permanent bridge at a direct crossing point, it is allowable to establish such a river-spanning boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

tatra pana=However, in a river. ; dhuvanāvā vā=a permanent boat or. ; vuvasetu vā=a permanent bridge. ; atimukhatitteyeva=only at a direct crossing point. ; atthi=there is. ; evarūpaṃ=such a kind of. ; nadīpārasīmaṃ=river-spanning boundary. ; sammannituṃ=to establish. ; vaṭṭati=is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For it has been said, "Monks, where there is a permanent boat or a permanent bridge, I allow the establishing of such a river-spanning boundary."

AI Translation Nissaya

“bhikkhave=O monks. ; yattha yassaṃ nadiyaṃ=where in a river. ; dhuvanāvā vā=a permanent boat or. ; dhuvasetu vā=a permanent bridge. ; assabhaveyya=there may be. ; evarūpaṃ=such a kind of. ; nadīpārasīmaṃ=river-spanning boundary. ; sammannituṃ=to establish. ; anujānāmi=I allow.” ; iti=Thus. ; vuttaṃ hi vuttaṃ eva=it has indeed been said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

If there is no permanent boat or permanent bridge at the direct crossing point, but there is one a little upstream or downstream, even so it is allowable.

AI Translation Nissaya

dhuvanāvā vā=a permanent boat or. ; dhuvasetu vā=a permanent bridge. ; abhimukhatitthe=at the direct crossing point. ; sace natthi=if there is not. ; īsakaṃ=a little. ; uddhaṃ=upstream. ; atiruhitvā vā=having gone up or. ; adho=downstream. ; srarohitvā vā=having gone down. ; sace atti=if there is. ; evampi=even so. ; vaṭṭati=it is allowable. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

However, the Elder Karavikatissa said, "It is allowable even if it is within the distance of a gāvuta."

AI Translation Nissaya

karavikatissattharo pana=However, the Elder Karavikatissa. ; “gāvubhamattabbhantarepi=even within the distance of a gāvuta. ; vaṭṭati=it is allowable.” ; iti=Thus. ; āha=said. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

To establish this river-spanning boundary, a monk should stand on one bank, announce a marker on the riverbank upstream, and then starting from there, circling for the desired perimeter, at its end, also announce a marker on the riverbank downstream, and then announce a marker on the opposite bank in a place directly facing.

AI Translation Nissaya

imañca pana nadīpārasīmaṃ=And this river-spanning boundary. ; sammannantena=by one who is establishing it. ; vā=or, a monk who. ; ekasmiñca tīre=on one bank. ; ṭhatvā=having stood. ; uparisote=upstream. ; nadī tīre=on the riverbank. ; nimittaṃ=a marker. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; tato paṭṭhāya=starting from there. ; attānaṃ=oneself. ; parikkhipantena=encircling. ; vā=or going around. ; yattakaṃ=as much. ; paricchedaṃ=perimeter. ; icchati=as one desires. ; tassa paricchedassa=of that perimeter. ; pariyosāne=at the end. ; adhosetepi=also downstream. ; nadītīre=on the riverbank. ; nimittaṃ=a marker. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; paratīre=on the far bank. ; sammukhaṭṭhāne=at a place directly opposite. ; nadītire=on the riverbank. ; nimittaṃ=a marker. ; kittetabbaṃ=should be announced. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Starting from there, for as much perimeter as one desires, one should announce markers up to the point on the riverbank directly opposite the first announced upstream marker, and then, having returned, connect it with the first announced marker.

AI Translation Nissaya

tato paṭṭhāya=Starting from there. ; yattakaṃ=as much. ; paricchedaṃ=perimeter. ; icchati=as one desires. ; tassa paricchedassa=of that perimeter. ; vesana=according to the power. ; yāva=up to. ; uparisote=upstream. ; paṭhamaṃ kittitanimittassa=of the first announced marker. ; sambukhā=directly opposite. ; nadītīre=on the riverbank. ; nimittaṃ=a marker. ; atthi=there is. ; tāva=that far. ; kittetvā=having announced. ; paccāharitvā=having brought it back. ; paṭhamakittita nimittena=with the first announced marker. ; saddhiṃ=together. ; ghaṭatabbaṃ=it should be connected. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Then, having brought the monks standing inside all the markers within hand-reach, the boundary should be established by the formal act statement.

AI Translation Nissaya

atha pacchā=Then, afterwards. ; sabbanimittānaṃ=of all the markers. ; anto=inside. ; ṭhite=who are standing. ; bhikkhū=the monks. ; hatthapāsagate=brought within hand-reach. ; katvā=having made. ; kammavācaya=by the formal act statement. ; sīmā=the boundary. ; sambannitabbā=should be established. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

Monks standing in the river, even if they have not come (to the assembly), do not invalidate the formal act. At the conclusion of the establishment, excluding the river, the area inside the markers on both the far bank and the near bank becomes a single boundary, but the river itself is not included in the count of the established boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

nadiyā=in the river. ; ṭhitā=monks who are standing. ; anāgatāpi=even if they have not come. ; kammaṃ=the formal act. ; kopenti=do not invalidate. ; sammutipariyosāne=at the conclusion of the establishment. ; nadiṃ=the river. ; ṭhapetvā=excluding. ; nimittānaṃ=of the markers. ; anto=the inside. ; vā=that is. ; paratīre ca=on the far bank and. ; orimatīre ca=on the near bank. ; ekasīmā=becomes a single boundary. ; hoti=it is. ; nadī pana=The river, however. ; baddhasīmāsaṅkhyaṃ=into the count of the established boundary. ; nagacchati=does not go. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya

For it is just a separate river boundary.

AI Translation Nissaya

hi=Indeed. ; sā nadī=that river. ; pisuṃ=is separate. ; nadīsīmā eva=it is just a river boundary. ;

AI Translation based on Nissaya